A novel pancoronavirus RT-PCR assay: frequent detection of human coronavirus NL63 in children hospitalized with respiratory tract infections in Belgium

Moës, Elien; Vijgen, Leen; Keyaerts, Els; Zlateva, Kalina T.; Li, Sandra; Maes, Piet; Pyrć, Krzysztof; Berkhout, Ben; Hoek, Lia van der; Ranst, Marc Van

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-6

Cited by 149 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…HCoV-NL63 engages the same receptor and, consequently, infects the same target cells as SARS-CoV, but, in contrast to SARS-CoV, the virus usually induces only mild or moderate respiratory disease (31)(32)(33)(34). However, HCoV-NL63 was also detected in infants and immunocompromised adults with relatively severe RTI (7,8,35), suggesting that infection might have more profound pathogenic effects in individuals with reduced immune defenses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry

Hofmann

Pyrć

Hoek

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Coronavirus (CoV) infection of humans is usually not associated with severe disease. However, discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV revealed that highly pathogenic human CoVs (HCoVs) can evolve. The identification and characterization of new HCoVs is, therefore, an important task. Recently, a HCoV termed NL63 was discovered in patients with respiratory tract illness. Here, cell tropism and receptor usage of HCoV-NL63 were analyzed. The NL63 spike (S) protein mediated infection of different target cells compared with the closely related 229E-S protein but facilitated entry into cells known to be permissive to SARS-CoV-S-driven infection. An analysis of receptor engagement revealed that NL63-S binds angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63 uses ACE2 as a receptor for infection of target cells. Potent neutralizing activity directed against NL63-but not 229E-S protein was detected in virtually all sera from patients 8 years of age or older, suggesting that HCoV-NL63 infection of humans is common and usually acquired during childhood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV shares its receptor ACE2 with HCoV-NL63. Because the two viruses differ dramatically in their ability to induce disease, analysis of HCoV-NL63 might unravel pathogenicity factors in SARS-CoV. The frequent HCoV-NL63 infection of humans suggests that highly pathogenic variants have ample opportunity to evolve, underlining the need for vaccines against HCoVs.C oronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped RNA viruses that are grouped according to genome sequence and serology (1). Human CoVs (HCoVs) 229E and OC43 are members of groups I and II, respectively, and infection with these viruses is thought to be responsible for Ϸ30% of common-cold cases (1). In contrast, infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV causes a severe respiratory tract illness (RTI) that is fatal in Ϸ10% of infected individuals (2, 3). The factors that determine the pathogenicity of CoVs are incompletely understood; however, a role for the spike (S) protein has been suggested (4). The S proteins of CoVs, which provide virions with a corona-like appearance, mediate infection of target cells and play a central role in viral replication (4). The interaction of CoV S proteins with specific cellular receptors determines, to a large extent, which cells can be infected (5), and the entry process is an attractive target for antiviral therapy (6).Recently, a HCoV termed NL63 was discovered in infants and immunocompromised adults with RTI (7, 8). HCoV-NL63 is a group I CoV and is most closely related to HCoV-229E (7-9). HCoV-229E employs CD13 (aminopeptidase N) as a receptor for infection of target cells (10,11). Because the NL63-and 229E-S proteins share 56% amino acid identity (7), it is conceivable that HCoV-NL63 also engages CD13 for infectious cellular entry. However, the HCoV-NL63-S protein contains a unique, 179-aa sequence at its N terminus that does not share homology with other known CoV proteins and that might alter the re...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry

Hofmann

Pyrć

Hoek

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

745

699

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“…Nucleic acid was extracted from 300 μL of each supernatant with a total RNA extraction kit (TALLY RNA, Thermo Fisher-Ambion, Waltham, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Specimens were screened for BCoV by amplifying a 251 bp fragment of the polymerase gene using a pancoronavirus conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol previously described [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of coronavirus in faeces of Brazilian calves and Peruvian camelid herds

Rocha

Fornells

Rojas

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The enteric disorders represent a serious hazard for bovine and camelid breeding. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of detection and molecular characteristics of enteric coronavirus (CoV) infections in cattle, alpaca, and llama herds bred in familybased farms in Brazil and Peru. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from calves from Brazil and camelids from Peru for detection and characterization of CoV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequence analysis. Results: 46.5% (47/101) samples from calves and 26.8% (70/261) from alpaca tested positive for CoV. All strains belong to lineage A1 of the Betacoronavirus genus. Phylogenetic analysis showed high identity between CoV strains detected in calves and alpacas. Conclusions: This study characterised CoV strains from dairy cattle herds in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and indicated that this virus is spread among the state herds. The results also indicate widespread circulation of CoV among the alpacas of Cuzco, Peru.

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“…Coronaviruses were detected in 66 of 1043 children. Eight, 11,19, and 28 specimens were positive for subtypes 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1, respectively. Coronaviruses were detected throughout the study period; all 4 of the subtypes were present simultaneously in December.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Disease in Children Associated With Newly Described Coronavirus Subtypes

et al. 2007

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A novel pancoronavirus RT-PCR assay: frequent detection of human coronavirus NL63 in children hospitalized with respiratory tract infections in Belgium

Cited by 149 publications

References 26 publications

Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry

Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry

Molecular epidemiology of coronavirus in faeces of Brazilian calves and Peruvian camelid herds

Clinical Disease in Children Associated With Newly Described Coronavirus Subtypes

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