A Novel Orthoreovirus Associated With Epizootic Necrotizing Enteritis and Splenic Necrosis in American Crows (Corvus Brachyrhynchos)

Forzán, María J.; Renshaw, Randall W.; Bunting, Elizabeth M.; Buckles, Elizabeth L.; Okoniewski, Joseph C.; Hynes, Kevin; Laverack, Melissa; Fadden, Melissa A; Dastjerdi, Akbar; Schuler, Krysten L.; Dubovi, Edward J.

doi:10.7589/2019-01-015

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Wild bird ARVs have been isolated in sedentary bird species, including magpie, crow, partridge, black-capped chickadee, and psittacine birds (27,29,(31)(32)(33). A previous study reported the isolation of wild bird ARV from a migratory bird species (mallard duck) (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various hypotheses have been proposed about the role of wild birds in the dissemination and maintenance of ARVs and pathogenic potential of ARVs in wild birds that usually commingle around poultry farms. In previous studies, ARVs isolated from wild birds were somewhat distant from the those from chicken farms (29,30,(33)(34)(35). However, recently research showed that the σAencoding gene isolated from a healthy ostrich at a domestic farm in Japan showed great similarity to the chicken-origin ARVs, and the σC-encoding gene isolated from magpies was found to be genetically similar to the chicken-origin ARVs (13,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ARVs have also been identified in wild birds, such as crows, magpies, partridges, black-capped chickadees, browneared bulbuls, psittacine bird species, and mallard ducks (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). ARV infections in wild birds have been associated with mortality and/or various clinical diseases, such as hepatitis, enteritidis, and neurological signs (29,31,33,34,36,37). A previous study on the seroprevalence of ARVs in wild birds reported 25% seroprevalence in bean goose (Anser fabalis) and 34% seroprevalence in white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons frontalis) in Germany in 1998 (38).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, antigenic prevalence in wild birds representing 32 species was reportedly ∼30% in Poland from 2014 to 2016 (12). ARVs have been isolated from hooded crows in Finland, American crows in the USA, browneared bulbuls in Japan, psittacine bird species in Germany, and mallard ducks in China (27,29,30,34,35). Various hypotheses have been proposed about the role of wild birds in the dissemination and maintenance of ARVs and pathogenic potential of ARVs in wild birds that usually commingle around poultry farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Genomic Characterization of Avian Reovirus From Wild Birds in South Korea

et al. 2022

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Avian reoviruses (ARVs) cause severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and depressed growth in chickens, and these conditions have become increasingly frequent in recent years. Studies on the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of ARVs are insufficient. This study provides information about currently circulating ARVs in wild birds by gene detection using diagnostic RT-PCR, virus isolation, and genomic characterization. In this study, we isolated and identified 10 ARV isolates from 7,390 wild birds' fecal samples, including migratory bird species (bean goose, Eurasian teal, Indian spot-billed duck, and mallard duck) from 2015 to 2019 in South Korea. On comparing the amino acid sequences of the σC-encoding gene, most isolates, except A18-13, shared higher sequence similarity with the commercial vaccine isolate S1133 and Chinese isolates. However, the A18-13 isolate is similar to live attenuated vaccine av-S1133 and vaccine break isolates (SD09-1, LN09-1, and GX110116). For the p10- and p17-encoding genes, all isolates have identical fusion associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein and nuclear localization signal (SNL) motif to chicken-origin ARVs. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of the σC-encoding gene revealed that all isolates were belonged to genotypic cluster I. For the p10- and p17-encoding genes, the nucleotide sequences of all isolates indicated close relationship with commercial vaccine isolate S1133 and Chinese isolates. For the σNS-encoding gene, the nucleotide sequences of all isolates indicated close relationship with the Californian chicken-origin isolate K1600657 and belonged to chicken-origin ARV cluster. Our data indicates that wild birds ARVs were derived from the chicken farms. This finding suggests that wild birds serve as natural carriers of such viruses for domestic poultry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Genomic Characterization of Avian Reovirus From Wild Birds in South Korea

et al. 2022

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Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases of Selected Avian Species

Pilny

Reavill²

2020

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

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Validation of an RNAscope assay for the detection of avian influenza A virus

et al. 2023

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an acute viral disease associated with high mortality and great economic losses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a common diagnostic and research tool for the demonstration of avian influenza A virus (AIAV) antigens within affected tissues, supporting etiologic diagnosis and assessing viral distribution in both naturally and experimentally infected birds. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) has been used successfully for the identification of a variety of viral nucleic acids within histologic samples. We validated RNAscope ISH for the detection of AIAV in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. RNAscope ISH targeting the AIAV matrix gene and anti-IAV nucleoprotein IHC were performed on 61 FFPE tissue sections obtained from 3 AIAV-negative, 16 H5 HPAIAV, and 1 low pathogenicity AIAV naturally infected birds, including 7 species sampled between 2009 and 2022. All AIAV-negative birds were confirmed negative by both techniques. All AIAVs were detected successfully by both techniques in all selected tissues and species. Subsequently, H-score comparison was assessed through computer-assisted quantitative analysis on a tissue microarray comprised of 132 tissue cores from 9 HPAIAV-infected domestic ducks. Pearson correlation of r = 0.95 (0.94–0.97), Lin concordance coefficient of ρc = 0.91 (0.88–0.93), and Bland–Altman analysis indicated high correlation and moderate concordance between the 2 techniques. H-score values were significantly higher with RNAscope ISH compared to IHC for brain, lung, and pancreatic tissues ( p ≤ 0.05). Overall, our results indicate that RNAscope ISH is a suitable and sensitive tool for in situ detection of AIAV in FFPE tissues.

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A Novel Orthoreovirus Associated With Epizootic Necrotizing Enteritis and Splenic Necrosis in American Crows (Corvus Brachyrhynchos)

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Isolation and Genomic Characterization of Avian Reovirus From Wild Birds in South Korea

Isolation and Genomic Characterization of Avian Reovirus From Wild Birds in South Korea

Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases of Selected Avian Species

Validation of an RNAscope assay for the detection of avian influenza A virus

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