“…Except for ANN, other learning techniques such as decision tree (DT) [93,94,95] , random forest [96], support vector machine (SVM) [97], bagging [98] and linear regression [99,100] However, most of these implicity or explicit formulations of VSM are computationally intricate and therefore rarely used in the context of online VSM control. The practical methods in this category are usually based on the linear formulation (approximation) of VSM, i.e., using VSM sensitivity [110,111].…”