A Novel Noninvasive Measurement Technique for Analyzing the Pressure Pulse Waveform of the Radial Artery

Abstract

Previous noninvasive measurements of the pulse waveform of the radial artery have not employed standard positioning procedures. Here, we propose a new noninvasive measuring apparatus that has a two-axis mechanism and employs a standard positioning procedure for detecting the optimal site for accurately measuring the pressure pulse waveform (PPW). A modified sensor was designed to simultaneously measure the arterial diameter changed waveform (ADCW) and PPW. Considering the artery as a cylinder, the measured waveform would be distorted if the sensor were not at the middle of arterial width. Moreover, a blood vessel is elastic, and its compliance changes with the transmural pressure, being maximal when the transmural pressure is equal to zero. The sensor should detect the PPW with the lowest possible distortion and, hence, an analysis of the vascular geometry and an arterial model were used to design a standard positioning procedure based on the ADCW for the X and Z axes. In order to verify the resolution of the X axis scanning procedure, the echo method was used to measure the radial artery outer diameter in ten healthy subjects. The difference between the scanning width and the actual arterial diameter was 0.36 +/- 0.23 mm (mean +/- SD). Finally, the PPW as measured at the optimal position was used to diagnose myocardial ischemia symptoms in 60 elderly subjects whose chief complaint was chest pain, with the exercise electrocardiogram being used as a reference to compare between individuals with and without myocardial ischemia. The PPW analysis used the harmonic components in the frequency domain. We found that the fourth harmonic of the Fourier series differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.0039), which is consistent with previous studies. The results indicate that our noninvasive measurement apparatus is very suitable for analyzing the PPW of the radial artery.

Stringlike Pulse Quantification Study by Pulse Wave in 3D Pulse Mapping

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Spatial and temporal properties are also needed for analyzing the arterial circulation. 7,8 For this purpose, many noninvasive instruments and analysis methods have been proposed, [9][10][11][12] most of which, however, have focused on the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, recent progress in hemodynamics has attracted lots of attention and has led to more discoveries about the physiology of the arterial circulation system, such as the relations among age, gender, drugs, and the wrist arterial pulse waveforms.…”

Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement and Pulse Wave Analysis

“…So there is a need to develop systems with continuous waveform analysis of pulse pressure to avoid such errors. The aim of this study is to develop a noninvasive [3],strap based [5], reliable system along with feature extraction algorithm [7] for diagnostic purposes and to evaluate various pulse parameters such as reflection index, stiffness index to estimate various arterial properties and onset of hemorrhagic conditions.…”

Exploring the conventional pulse conditions using bi-sensing pulse diagnosis instrument

“…And the focus of pulse diagnosis machine has shifted over the past few years from an emphasis on evidence of quantifiable pulse diagnosis to attention being paid to standard procedures of quantifiable pulse diagnosis. Tyan et al indicated the standard positioning procedure for detecting the optimal site for accurately measuring the pressure pulse waveform [12]. Yoon et al pointed out that varying contact pressure was needed in pulse-taking procedure [13].…”