A Novel Multi-Hop Algorithm for Wireless Network with Unevenly Distributed Nodes

Abstract

Node location estimation is not only the promise of the wireless network for target recognition, monitoring, tracking and many other applications, but also one of the hot topics in wireless network research. In this paper, the localization algorithm for wireless network with unevenly distributed nodes is discussed, and a novel multi-hop localization algorithm based on Elastic Net is proposed. The proposed approach is formulated as a regression problem, which is solved by Elastic Net. Unlike other previous localization approaches, the proposed approach overcomes the shortcomings of traditional approaches assume that nodes are distributed in regular areas without holes or obstacles, therefore has a strong adaptability to the complex deployment environment. The proposed approach consists of three steps: the data collection step, mapping model building step, and location estimation step. In the data collection step, training information among anchor nodes of the given network is collected. In mapping model building step, the mapping model among the hop-counts and the Euclidean distances between anchor nodes is constructed using Elastic Net. In location estimation step, each normal node finds its exact location in a distributed manner. Realistic scenario experiments and simulation experiments do exhibit the excellent and robust location estimation performance. (2009)], WIFI-based and UWB-based [Mazhar, Khan and Sä llberg (2017)], etc. Among them, GPS-based application is the most mature localization application with broadest application, but when there are obstacles, it is very difficult to satisfy the application requirement on the aspect of localization precision; the infrared ray has short propagation distance, which also tends to be interfered with by fluorescent lamp or indoor lighting, and there is certain limitation during localization; both the Bluetooth technology and RFID technology apply to indoor localization, but the Bluetooth technology has poor stability in complicated environment and system, while the RFID technology has short transmission distance, and it does not have the communication capacity; during the WIFI localization, the transmitter and receiver can only cover an area within 90 m, but it tends to be interfered with by other signals, and its locator involves high energy consumption; the UWB localization method can provide centimeter-level localization precision, but it is difficult to capture the UWB signal, and it also tends to cause significant interference with other signals. With the introduction of new wireless networks such as IoT (Internet of Things) and Mesh, wireless nodes can be randomly deployed in various types of monitoring environment, and the location information can be exchanged through the methods of multi-hop and self-organization. The node localization method based on multi-hop and self-organization is called the "multi-hop localization" method. The multi-hop localization method can be roughly divided into two groups of range-based and range-free methods according to whether...

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