A novel molluscan sigma-like glutathione S-transferase from Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum: Cloning, characterization and transcriptional profiling

Identification, genomic organization, and oxidative stress response of a sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene (AccGSTS1) in the honey bee, Apis cerana cerana

“…The PCR reaction was carried out as follows: 1 cycle of 95°C for 30 s; 40 cycles at 95°C for 5 s, 56°C for 15 s, and 72°C for 15 s; and then a single melt cycle from 65 to 95°C. The β-actin gene (GenBank ID XM640276), which is stably expressed (Yang et al 2012;Umasuthan et al 2012), was used as an internal control. Specific primers for AccGSTS1 (SD-s, SD-x) and the reference gene (β-actin-s, β-actin-x) are listed in Table 1.…”

“…AccGSTS1 expression was upregulated under all treatments examined, although the mRNA levels were increased by different degrees. Alterations to GST expression induced by various factors have been extensively reported (Meng et al 2009;Umasuthan et al 2012;Yang et al 2012), and GSTs are known to act as detoxification agents against the chemotoxicity of xenobiotics. Elevated levels of GST are also correlated with resistance to insecticides (Ranson et al 2001;Vontas et al 2001).…”

“…GSTs confer resistance by detoxifying lipid peroxidation products induced by pyrethroids, thereby protecting tissues from oxidative damage (Vontas et al 2001), as well as by binding pyrethroid molecules in a sequestration mechanism, thereby offering passive protection (Kostaropoulos et al 2001). Recently, studies on their roles in mediating oxidative stress responses have been extensively reported (Burmeister et al 2008;Kampkotter et al 2003;Li et al 2008;Meng et al 2009;Umasuthan et al 2012;Yang et al 2012), and these studies have shown that GSTs reduce lipid hydroperoxides through a selenium-independent pathway. In Chironomus riparius fourth instar larvae, the upregulation of GSTs upon exposure to the pro-oxidative stress inducer paraquat indicates their involvement in oxidative stress defense mechanisms, while their induction upon exposure to cadmium and silver nanoparticles suggests a protective role .…”

“…In Chironomus riparius fourth instar larvae, the upregulation of GSTs upon exposure to the pro-oxidative stress inducer paraquat indicates their involvement in oxidative stress defense mechanisms, while their induction upon exposure to cadmium and silver nanoparticles suggests a protective role . In addition, Umasuthan et al (2012) provided evidence that a Ruditapes philippinarum sigma-like GST could play a significant role in cellular defenses against oxidative stress caused by bacteria.…”

Untitled

“…Las GSTs se caracterizan por su actividad enzimática fase II, catalizan la conjugación del tripéptido glutatión en los centros electrofílicos de los xenobióticos, con el fin de transformarlos en compuestos solubles menos tóxicos, para ser excretados con mayor facilidad (Enayati et al, 2005;Yu et al, 2008;Umasuthan et al, 2012). tochromes P-450, since they catalyze reactions such as hydroxylation, dehydration, dimerization, deamination and reduction.…”