A novel miniature inverted-flame burner for the generation of soot nanoparticles

Kazemimanesh, Mohsen; Moallemi, Alireza; Thomson, Kevin A.; Smallwood, Gregory J.; Lobo, Prem; Olfert, Jason S.

doi:10.1080/02786826.2018.1556774

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…309,313 The mechanisms controlling their formation are less well investigated than for smaller soot aggregates, but they are hypothesized to be formed by diffusion-controlled agglomeration of aggregates. [309][310][311][312]315,316 Dendritic: "Dendritic" means branched and is used to describe the branched-chain fractal-like morphology of mature soot particles. 20,22,225,238,[317][318][319][320] Ramiform and ramified: "Ramiform" and "ramified" are synonymous with "dendritic" and are used to describe the branched-chain fractal-like morphology of mature soot particles.…”

Section: Transition To Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Terminology Used to Describe Soot Formation and Evolution under Combustion and Pyrolytic Conditions

Colket²,

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a glossary and review of terminology used to describe the chemical and physical processes involved in soot formation and evolution. This review is intended to aid in communication within the field and across disciplines. There are large gaps in our understanding of soot formation and evolution and inconsistencies in the language used to describe the associated mechanisms. These inconsistencies lead to confusion within the field and hinder progress in addressing the gaps in our understanding. This review provides a list of definitions of terms and presents a description of their historical usage. It also addresses the inconsistencies in the use of terminology in order to dispel confusion and facilitate the advancement of our understanding of soot chemistry and particle characteristics. The intended audience includes senior and junior members of the soot, black-carbon, brown-carbon, and carbon-black scientific communities, researchers new to the field, and scientists and engineers in associated fields with an interest in carbonaceous-material production via high-temperature hydrocarbon chemistry.

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Section: Transition To Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Terminology Used to Describe Soot Formation and Evolution under Combustion and Pyrolytic Conditions

Colket²,

et al. 2020

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“…Several methods have been proposed for the generation of carbonaceous aerosols in the laboratory. These can be roughly categorized into two groups: (i) methods relying on a burner, e.g., a miniCAST (Moore et al 2014;Mamakos et al 2013;Ess and Vasilatou 2019;Maricq 2014), a McKenna burner (Kastelis and Zervas 2008;Ghazi et al 2013) or an inverted burner (Moallemi et al 2019;Kazemimanesh et al 2019;Stipe et al 2005), for the generation of combustion-based soot and (ii) methods for generating non-combustion-based soot surrogate particles, such as colloidal graphite (AquaDAG) or fullerene soot (FS; Aiken et al 2016;Gysel et al 2011;Moteki and Kondo 2010), or fractal-like carbonaceous aerosols generated by spark-discharge (Bescond et al 2016;Helsper et al 1993). For a more detailed discussion on these methods, the readers are referred to Moallemi et al (2019) and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and morphological properties of soot particles generated by the miniCAST 5201 BC generator

Ess

Bertò

Irwin

et al. 2021

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The miniCAST 5201 black carbon (BC) generator is a novel soot generator able to produce soot particles with a wide range of properties in a stable and reproducible manner. In this study, particles generated with diffusion and premixed flames were comprehensively analyzed, with a special focus on particle morphology, nanostructure, and optical properties. It was found that aggregate BC particles with a mean electrical mobility diameter of about 160 nm generated with an overall near-stoichiometric diffusion flame consist of primary particles with turbostratic layers and onion-like structures. Moreover, they possessed an absorption Ångstr€ om exponent (AAE) close to 1, low single scattering albedo (SSA), and a mass absorption cross-section MAC 870nm,total (calculated from photoacoustic absorption coefficient and total particle mass) of 4.3 m 2 /g. With premixed flames under fuel-lean conditions, particles with mean mobility diameters of 50 nm, 75 nm, and 100 nm could be generated with high elemental carbon to total carbon mass fractions (>85%). These particles had a high structural order, exhibited an AAE of 1.1-1.2, low SSA and MAC 870nm,total of 3.0-3.3 m 2 /g. The similarities of the properties of the miniCAST generated soot particles to real-world engine-emitted soot particles indicate that the miniCAST 5201 BC generator is a very promising source of reference aerosols for the calibration of BC diagnostic instruments and engine-exhaust particle counters.

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“…The soot particle generator comprises a burner consisting of two co-annular tubes for fuel and co-flow air, respectively [39]. In this experiment, propane (65-105 std.cm 3 /min) is selected as the gaseous fuel source.…”

Section: Construction Of Soot Particle Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Weakly Coupled Piezoelectric MEMS Resonators for Aerosol Sensing

Chellasivalingam

Imran

Pandit

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper successfully demonstrates the potential of weakly coupled piezoelectric MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) gravimetric sensors for the detection of ultra-fine particulates. As a proof-of-principle, the detection of diesel soot particles of 100 nanometres or less is demonstrated. A practical monitoring context also exists for diesel soot particles originating from combustion engines, as they are of serious health concern. The MEMS sensors employed in this work operate on the principle of vibration mode-localisation employing an amplitude ratio shift output metric for readout. Notably, gains are observed while comparing parametric sensitivities and the input referred stability for amplitude ratio and resonant frequency variations, demonstrating that the amplitude ratio output metric is particularly suitable for long-term measurements. The soot particle mass directly estimated using coupled MEMS resonators can be correlated to the mass, indirectly estimated using the condensation particle counter used as the reference instrument.

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A novel miniature inverted-flame burner for the generation of soot nanoparticles

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

A Review of Terminology Used to Describe Soot Formation and Evolution under Combustion and Pyrolytic Conditions

A Review of Terminology Used to Describe Soot Formation and Evolution under Combustion and Pyrolytic Conditions

Optical and morphological properties of soot particles generated by the miniCAST 5201 BC generator

Weakly Coupled Piezoelectric MEMS Resonators for Aerosol Sensing

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