A Novel Microwave Treatment for Sleep Disorders and Classification of Sleep Stages Using Multi-Scale Entropy

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop an integrated system of non-contact sleep stage detection and sleep disorder treatment for health monitoring. Hence, a method of brain activity detection based on microwave scattering technology instead of scalp electroencephalogram was developed to evaluate the sleep stage. First, microwaves at a specific frequency were used to penetrate the functional sites of the brain in patients with sleep disorders to change the firing frequency of the activated areas of the brain and analyze and evaluate statistically the effects on sleep improvement. Then, a wavelet packet algorithm was used to decompose the microwave transmission signal, the refined composite multiscale sample entropy, the refined composite multiscale fluctuation-based dispersion entropy and multivariate multiscale weighted permutation entropy were obtained as features from the wavelet packet coefficient. Finally, the mutual information-principal component analysis feature selection method was used to optimize the feature set and random forest was used to classify and evaluate the sleep stage. The results show that after four times of microwave modulation treatment, sleep efficiency improved continuously, the overall maintenance was above 80%, and the insomnia rate was reduced gradually. The overall classification accuracy of the four sleep stages was 86.4%. The results indicate that the microwaves with a certain frequency can treat sleep disorders and detect abnormal brain activity. Therefore, the microwave scattering method is of great significance in the development of a new brain disease treatment, diagnosis and clinical application system.

Effect of a Recliner Chair with Rocking Motions on Sleep Efficiency

“…Results show that the average accuracy of the 240 participants was 81.16%, which is a similar level of the accuracy estimated by medical experts [59]. However, N1 stage is poorly detected compared with the other stages that have been consistently addressed in the previous reports [62], and the N1 and N2 sleep stages are usually considered as one stage, 'Light sleep' [27] in four-sleep stage taxonomy [92][93][94][95][96][97]. We also applied the four stage scheme with combining the N1 and N2 stage as one 'Light sleep' to analyze the sleep quality in multiple approaches.…”

Measurement and evaluation of neural activity in acute tonic cold pain under intense microwave radiation

“…The current study was based on previous work (Geng et al, 2019;Geng et al, 2020a;Geng et al, 2020b) on the relationship between EEG oscillations in the brain and acute pain perception with and without microwaves propagating through the brain activation area. Electromagnetic wave conditions of different frequencies (Sham, 4.5 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz) were set.…”

“…This has important implications for future detection and analysis of brain activity, such as treating neuropathic disorders such as insomnia, depression and epilepsy. In fact, many neurological diseases of the brain can more or less affect the discharge behavior of the central nervous system, hence, the early detection and early treatment of diseases is also a hot spot of current research (Li et al, 2014;Geng et al, 2020b). In contrast to the drawbacks and inconveniences of EEG and fMRI, microwaves are being considered by researchers to measure sleep brain activity (Li et al, 2014;Geng et al, 2020a;Yang et al, 2021).…”

“…The components whose autocorrelation coe cient less than the selected threshold were taken as EMG artifacts and the EMG artifacts were removed to obtain clean EEG data. Separate EEG analyses were performed for each EEG frequency band: delta (0.8-3.8 Hz), theta (4-7.8 Hz), alpha1 (8-9.8 Hz), alpha2 (9.8-12.8), beta1 (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), and beta2 (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). the power of four basic EEG frequency bands were extracted from the total EEG (0.5-50 Hz) by ltering.…”

A Novel Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for Self-Priming Centrifugal Pumps

“…Consequently, entropy-based methods have been developed in line with the advancements in nonlinear dynamics technology. These methods encompass symbolic dynamic entropy, Shannon entropy, multiscale entropy, sample entropy, permutation entropy, multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE), and multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy (MFDE) [10][11][12][13].…”