A Novel microCT Method for Bone and Marrow Adipose Tissue Alignment Identifies Key Differences Between Mandible and Tibia in Rats

Coutel, Xavier; Olejnik, Cécile; Marchandise, Pierre; Delattre, Jérôme; Behal, Hélène; Kerckhofs, Greet; Penel, Guillaume

doi:10.1007/s00223-018-0397-1

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Analysis of the tibia trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio, cortical thickness (Cort.Th), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) of all animals were determined in a 0.5mm region beginning 250μm proximal to the proximal growth plate. More detailed description for the quantification of 3D microarchitecture of trabecular bone has been previously presented ( 28 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity Level and Duration of Energy Deficit in Mice Affect Bone Phenotype and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation Capacity

et al. 2022

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Anorexia nervosa is known to induce changes in bone parameters and an increase in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) that depend on the duration and seriousness of the disease. Previous studies have found that bone loss is associated with BMA accumulation. Sirtuin of type 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase that is partly regulated by energy balance, was shown to have pro-osteoblastogenic and anti-adipogenic effects. To study the effects of the severity and duration of energy deficits related to bone loss, a mouse model of separation-based anorexia (SBA) was established. We recently demonstrated that moderate body weight loss (18%) 8-week SBA protocol in mice resulted in an increase in BMA, bone loss, and a significant reduction in Sirt1 expression in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) extracted from SBA mice. We hypothesised that Sirt1 deficit in BMSCs is associated with bone and BMA alterations and could potentially depend on the severity of weight loss and the length of SBA protocol. We studied bone parameters, BMA, BMSC differentiation capacity, and Sirt1 expression after induction of 4 different levels of body weight loss (0%,12%,18%,24%), after 4 or 10 weeks of the SBA protocol. Our results demonstrated that 10 week SBA protocols associated with body weight loss (12%, 18%, 24%) induced a significant decrease in bone parameters without any increase in BMA. BMSCs extracted from 12% and 18% SBA groups showed a significant decrease in Sirt1 mRNA levels before and after co-differentiation. For these two groups, decrease in Sirt1 was associated with a significant increase in the mRNA level of adipogenic markers and a reduction of osteoblastogenesis. Inducing an 18% body weight loss, we tested a short SBA protocol (4-week). We demonstrated that a 4-week SBA protocol caused a significant decrease in Tb.Th only, without change in other bone parameters, BMA, Sirt1 expression, or differentiation capacity of BMSCs. In conclusion, this study showed, for the first time, that the duration and severity of energy deficits are critical for changes in bone parameters, BMSC differentiation, and Sirt1 expression. Furthermore, we showed that in this context, Sirt1 expression could impact BMSC differentiation with further effects on bone phenotype.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity Level and Duration of Energy Deficit in Mice Affect Bone Phenotype and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation Capacity

et al. 2022

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“…When combining OsO 4 staining with high-resolution µCT imaging, individual adipocytes can be distinguished (Figures 2A,C,E) and a distribution of diameter can be calculated. When combined with image coordinate registration, this technique allows alignment of both the BMAT distribution and bone micro-architecture, as well as calculation of the distance of the BMAds from the bone surface (80). Some studies have also used this approach to measure BMAd density (cells/mm 2 Ma.V) (81).…”

Section: Contrast-enhanced Microfocus Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

et al. 2020

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The interest in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has increased over the last decade due to its association with, and potential role, in a range of diseases (osteoporosis, diabetes, anorexia, cancer) as well as treatments (corticosteroid, radiation, chemotherapy, thiazolidinediones). However, to advance the field of BMA research, standardization of methods is desirable to increase comparability of study outcomes and foster collaboration. Therefore, at the 2017 annual BMA meeting, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) founded a working group to evaluate methodologies in BMA research. All BMAS members could volunteer to participate. The working group members, who are all active preclinical or clinical BMA researchers, searched the literature for articles investigating BMA and discussed the results during personal and telephone conferences. According to the consensus opinion, both based on the review of the literature and on expert opinion, we describe existing methodologies and discuss the challenges and future directions for (1) histomorphometry of bone marrow adipocytes, (2) ex vivo BMA imaging, (3) in vivo BMA imaging, (4) cell isolation, culture, differentiation and in vitro modulation of primary bone marrow adipocytes and bone marrow stromal cell precursors, (5) lineage tracing and in vivo BMA modulation, and (6) BMA biobanking. We identify as accepted standards in BMA research: manual histomorphometry and osmium tetroxide 3D contrast-enhanced µCT for ex vivo quantification, specific MRI sequences (WFI and H-MRS) for in vivo studies, and RT-qPCR with a minimal four gene panel or lipid-based assays for in vitro quantification of bone marrow adipogenesis. Emerging techniques are described which may soon come to complement or substitute these gold standards. Known confounding factors and minimal reporting standards are presented, and their use is encouraged to facilitate comparison across studies. In conclusion, specific BMA methodologies have been developed. However, important challenges remain. In particular, we advocate for the harmonization of methodologies, the precise reporting of known confounding factors, and the identification of methods to modulate BMA independently from other tissues. Wider use of existing animal models with impaired BMA production (e.g., Pfrt −/− , Kit W/W−v) and development of specific BMA deletion models would be highly desirable for this purpose.

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“…For example, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) derived from the jawbone exhibit higher osteogenic potential compared to those derived from other skeletal bones but less ability to differentiate into adipocytes and chondrocytes 1‐3 . Additionally, bone marrow in the jawbone exhibits a low bone marrow adipose tissue content compared to the long bone 52,64 . Furthermore, BMSCs from the jawbone display higher expression of alkaline phosphatase in response to rhBMP‐2 compared to those from long bones 65 .…”

Section: Osteoclasts In the Jawbonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Additionally, bone marrow in the jawbone exhibits a low bone marrow adipose tissue content compared to the long bone. 52,64 Furthermore, BMSCs from the jawbone display higher expression of alkaline phosphatase in response to rhBMP-2 compared to those from long bones. 65 These findings suggest that BMSCs in the jawbone are more osteogenic and more responsive to osteogenic signals than other skeletal BMSCs.…”

Section: Osteoclast Function In the Jawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis and jawbone diseases

Omi

Mishina

2020

Oral Science International

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The jawbone is a unique structure as it serves multiple functions in mastication. Given the fact that the jawbone is remodeled faster than other skeletal bones, bone cells in the jawbone may respond differently to local and systemic cues to regulate bone remodeling and adaptation. Osteoclasts are bone cells responsible for removing old bone, playing an essential role in bone remodeling. Although bone resorption by osteoclasts is required for dental tissue development, homeostasis and repair, excessive osteoclast activity is associated with oral skeletal diseases such as periodontitis. In addition, antiresorptive medications used to prevent bone homeostasis of tumors can cause osteonecrosis of the jaws that is a major concern to the dentist. Therefore, understanding of the role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions leads to better targeted therapeutic options for skeletal diseases to maintain patients' oral health. Here, we highlight the unique features of the jawbone compared to the long bone and the involvement of osteoclasts in the jawbone-specific diseases.

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A Novel microCT Method for Bone and Marrow Adipose Tissue Alignment Identifies Key Differences Between Mandible and Tibia in Rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Severity Level and Duration of Energy Deficit in Mice Affect Bone Phenotype and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation Capacity

Severity Level and Duration of Energy Deficit in Mice Affect Bone Phenotype and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation Capacity

Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

Role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis and jawbone diseases

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