A novel method to detect bacterial resistance to disinfectants

Abstract

In clinical practice, the important hygienic prevention of bacterial pathogen spread is disinfection of potentially contaminated area. Benzalkonium bromide and chlorhexidine acetate are commonly used disinfectants with a broad spectrum of anti-microbial effect. It is vital to inhibit the spread of pathogen in hospital. However, a large number of pathogens with the decreased antiseptic susceptibility have been isolated from clinical samples which showed an increased minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against those antiseptics. These resistant pathogens are the major causes for nosocomial cross-infections in hospital. The present study demonstrated the utility of Oxford plate assay system in determining the potential disinfectant resistance of bacteria. The microbiological assay is based on the inhibitory effect of tested disinfectants upon the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Statistical analysis of the bioassay results indicated the linear correlation (r = 0.87–0.99, P < 0.01) between the diameter of growth inhibition zone and the log dosage of the tested disinfectants. Moreover, comparison of inhibitory efficacy of benzalkonium bromide upon 29 S. aureus strains isolated from clinical samples by both Oxford plate method and broth dilution method showed that the diameter of growth inhibition zone has significantly negative correlation with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (r = −0.574, P < 0.001). These results suggest that the Oxford plate is a simple and time-saving method in detecting potential clinical disinfectant resistance and its usefulness for routine surveillance of pathogenic resistance to disinfectants warrants further investigation.

Epinecidin-1, a highly potent marine antimicrobial peptide with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities

“…Unfortunately, it has been observed that the addition of these compounds could correlate with the emergence of resistant strains to antibiotics and disinfectants. Further research, therefore, is required to test new compounds [59, 60]. Epinecidin-1 is one of the few AMPs in which the efficiency has been evaluated as a part of the cleaning solution.…”

Gentisaldehyde and Its Derivative 2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Show Antimicrobial Activities Against Bovine Mastitis Staphylococcus aureus

“…The increasing rate of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and antiseptics poses a major problem to human and veterinary health. Consequently, there is a desperate demand for novel antimicrobial agents active against resistant bacteria ( 8 , 12 , 29 ). In recognition of this requirement, this study investigated alternative antimicrobial compounds that might be suitable for the prevention of bovine mastitis.…”

“…Examples of antimicrobial agents used for these purposes include iodine-based products, which are most often used as an antiseptic for teat disinfection ( 10 ), but also various products containing phenolics, alcohol or chlorhexidine as germicides ( 11 ). However, it has been reported that in addition to antibiotic resistance, bacteria are less susceptible to commonly used antiseptics, e.g., chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride or povidone-iodine ( 12 ). Additionally, a high prevalence of genes responsible for benzalkonium chloride- and chlorhexidine-resistances has also been discovered in human S. aureus isolates ( 13 ).…”

Evaluation of the Viricidal Efficacy of Four Chemical Disinfectants against Emerged H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus in China

“…Benzalkonium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compounds, is wildly used as disinfectant for sterilization of non-living objects or surfaces (He et al, 2017). The usage of this disinfectant is the vital way to inhibit the spread of pathogens.…”