A novel method to control the balance of skin microflora

Katsuyama, Masako; Ichikawa, Hideyuki; Ogawa, Satoru; Ikezawa, Zenrō

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.01.006

Cited by 93 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…25,26 In a separate study, S. aureus biofilms were visualized on the stratum corneum of AD patients using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the anti-biofilm compound farnesol was shown to decrease S. aureus carriage on AD patients. 27 These results indicate a biofilm orientation of the S. aureus environmental factor in triggering and in the progression of AD. Interestingly, roughly 70 years ago, a group of dermatologists posited that AD begins with the occlusion of eccrine ducts by slime, 28 which can undoubtedly be the extracellular polysaccharides known to exist in microbial biofilms.…”

Section: Diseases Microbes and Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Microbial biofilms and the human skin microbiome

Brandwein

Steinberg

Meshner

2016

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

128

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The human skin microbiome plays an important role in both health and disease. Microbial biofilms are a well-characterized mode of surface-associated growth, which present community-like behaviors. Additionally, biofilms are a critical element in certain skin diseases. We review how the perception of the resident skin microbiota has evolved from the early linkages of certain microbes to disease states, to a more comprehensive and intricate understanding brought on by biofilm and microbiome revelations. Rapidly expanding arsenals of experimental methods are opening new horizons in the study of human–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions. Microbial community profiling has largely remained a separate discipline from that of biofilm research, yet the introduction of metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and the ability to distinguish between dormant and active members of a community have all paved the road toward a convergent cognizance of the encounter between these two microbial disciplines.

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Section: Diseases Microbes and Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Microbial biofilms and the human skin microbiome

Brandwein

Steinberg

Meshner

2016

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

128

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“…There was a significant correlation between eruption score and the number of SA detected on the same area of patients with AD (relationship coefficiency= 0.54, P <0.01),1 as shown in Fig. 2 3. We have also reported that farnesol (F) of a perfume and xylitol (X) of sugar alcohol synergistically can inhibit the biofilm formation of SA and moreover can dissolve the formed biofilm of SA, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Probable Role Of Staphylococcus Aureus (Sa) and Interleukimentioning

confidence: 76%

“…3-1 and Fig. 3-2 3,4. Indeed, the treatment with FX cream improved significantly 4 out of 5 items in AD lesions at 2 weeks later, while the treatment with control cream improved only 1 item of dryness/desquamation as shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Probable Role Of Staphylococcus Aureus (Sa) and Interleukimentioning

confidence: 81%

A Role of Staphyococcus aureus, Interleukin-18, Nerve Growth Factor and Semaphorin 3A, an Axon Guidance Molecule, in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Ikezawa

Komori

Ikezawa

et al. 2010

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is usually present not only in the skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD) but also in the atopic dry skin. SA discharges various toxins and enzymes that injure the skin, results in activation of epidermal keratinocytes, which produce and release IL-18. IL-18 that induces the super Th1 cells secreting IFN-γ and IL-13 is supposed to be involved in development of AD and its pathogenesis. Indeed, the number of SA colonies on the skin surface and the serum IL-18 levels in patients with AD significantly correlated with the skin scores of AD lesions. Also, there is strong positive correlation between the skin scores and serum IL-18 levels in DS-Nh mice (P<0.0001, r=0.64), which develop considerable AD-like legions when they are housed under conventional conditions, but develop skin legions with less severity and less frequency under specific pathogens free (SPF) conditions. Therefore, they are well-known as model mice of AD, in which SA is presumed to be critical factor for the development of AD lesions. Also, theses DS-Nh mice pretreated with Cy developed more remarkable AD-like lesions in comparison with non-treated ones. The levels of INF-r and IL-13 in the supernatants of the lymph node cell cultures stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or ConA were increased in the Cy-treated mice, although the serum levels of total IgE were not. In this experiment, we revealed that Cy-treated mice, to which CD25 +CD4 + reguratory T cells taken from non-treated ones had been transferred, developed the AD-like legions with less severity and less number of SA colonies on the skin surface. Therefore, it is presumed that CD25 +CD4 + reguratory T cells might be involved in the suppression of super Th1 cells which are induced by IL-18 and are involved in the development of AD-like lesions rather than IgE production. The efficient induction of CD25 +CD4 + reguratory T cells is expected for the new type of treatment of AD. We also found that farnesol (F) and xylitol (X) synergistically inhibited biofilm formation by SA, and indeed the ratio of SA in total bacteria at sites to which the FX cream containing F and X had been applied was significantly decreased 1 week later, accompanied with improvement of AD, when compared with that before application and at placebo sites. Therefore, the FX cream is a useful skin-care agent for atopic dry skin colonized by SA. The nerve growth factor (NGF) in the horny layer (the horn NGF) of skin lesions on the cubital fossa was collected by tape stripping and measured using ELISA in AD patients before and after 2 and 4 weeks treatments. Simultaneously, the itch and eruptions on the whole body and on the lesions, in which the horn NGF was measured, were recorded, and also the peripheral blood eosinophil count, serum LDH level and serum total IgE level were examined. The level of NGF was significantly higher in AD patients than in healthy controls, correlated with the severity of itch, erythema, scale/xerosis, the eosinophil count and LDH level, and also significantly ...

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“…Among those proteins are host fibrinogen and fibrin, to which S. aureus binds with bacterial surface proteins (24). Moreover, S. aureus induces local coagulation by secreting two coagulases that convert fibrinogen into fibrin nets as an anchoring place for staphylococci and thus enhance bacterial adhesion to the implant surface (8,9,25,26). A tPA coating on implants activated host plasminogen into plasmin and created fibrinolytic activity directly on the implant surface, where it can cleave the fibrin deposited by infecting bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Plasminogen Activator Coating on Implant Surfaces Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation

Kwieciński

Jarneborn

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cStaphylococcus aureus biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices are a major medical challenge because of their high prevalence and antibiotic resistance. As fibrin plays an important role in S. aureus biofilm formation, we hypothesize that coating of the implant surface with fibrinolytic agents can be used as a new method of antibiofilm prophylaxis. The effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) coating on S. aureus biofilm formation was tested with in vitro microplate biofilm assays and an in vivo mouse model of biofilm infection. tPA coating efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by various S. aureus strains. The effect was dependent on plasminogen activation by tPA, leading to subsequent local fibrin cleavage. A tPA coating on implant surfaces prevented both early adhesion and later biomass accumulation. Furthermore, tPA coating increased the susceptibility of biofilm infections to antibiotics. In vivo, significantly fewer bacteria were detected on the surfaces of implants coated with tPA than on control implants from mice treated with cloxacillin. Fibrinolytic coatings (e.g., with tPA) reduce S. aureus biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a novel way to prevent bacterial biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices.

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A novel method to control the balance of skin microflora

Cited by 93 publications

References 20 publications

Microbial biofilms and the human skin microbiome

Microbial biofilms and the human skin microbiome

A Role of Staphyococcus aureus, Interleukin-18, Nerve Growth Factor and Semaphorin 3A, an Axon Guidance Molecule, in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Tissue Plasminogen Activator Coating on Implant Surfaces Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation

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