A Novel Method of High Sensitive Determination of Prednisolone on Renewable Mercury Film Silver Based Electrode

Abstract

[a] 1IntroductionGlucocorticoids are group of important medications with wide variety of use,m ainly due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.H uman body produces natural corticoids which are necessaryf or propers ecretion of other hormones and keeping homeostasis. However, affecting the balance of adrenalh ormones excretion may cause diseases connected with necessity of using their synthetic analogs in very little and controlled doses.T aking drugs containingc orticoids is connected with the risk of serious adversee ffects,t hus quality control of medications consisting this group of active substances shouldb ev ery precise [1,2].Prednisolone ((11b)-11,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione [8].P rednisolone derivative is also used in ophthalmologya sacontent of eye drops used to reducea llergic reactionsa ffecting eyes, such as swellinga nd itching [ 9,10].D ue to its immunosuppressive properties is also widely use after organ transplantation [11] and as ah ormone substitution for patients unable to produce proper amounts of corticosteroids on its own [12].L ong term usage of this corticoid may cause serious side effectsl ike gaining weight, high blood pressure,m usclew eakness,o steoporosis,h igh glucose level in body fluids or mentalh ealth problems [13][14][15][16].Numerous studies have been presented withd ifferent prednisolone determination methods including spectroscopy [17],s pectrophotometry [18,19],g as chromatography [20][21][22],c hemiluminescence [23] and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with various detector [24][25][26][27].H owever these methods generate lots of chemical wastesa nd also require time consuming sample preparation connected with risk of its contamination.S uch inconveniences can be eliminated using electrochemical methods,w hich provide high sensitivity,l ow limit detectiona nd simple procedure of sample preparation.C lassical polarography [28,29] and different voltammetry techniques were used for prednisolone determination.R ecently,t wo voltammetric methodsw ere developed for the analyte determinationi nd rug samples based on oxidation of prednisolone at glassy carbon electrode [30] . One of the methodso fa chieving high sensitivity in voltammetry is development in the working electrode constructionf ield. Va rious typeso fm etal film electrodes were constructed recently.A mongt hem lead, gallium and mercury were most frequently used [35][36][37].I nteresting solution of renewable mercury film electrode was proposed by Baś and Kowalski[ 38].W ith the renewable Abstract:F ast and sensitive method of prednisoloned eterminationa tr enewable mercury film electrodeu sing differentialp ulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) was successfully developed. Thee ffects of various factors such as:p reconcentration potential and time, pulse height, step potential and supporting electrolyte composition were optimized.Alinear voltammetric response for analyte was obtained in the concentration), with ad etectionl imit of 0.01 mmolL À1 ...

Effect of nano- and micro-alumina fillers on some properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base composites

“…22 The characteristic peaks at 1024 and 1176 cm -1 , indicate the formation of Si-O-Si groups. [45][46][47] The Si-O peaks at 1058 and 1302 cm -1 indicated the formation of Si-O-Al 2 O 3 bonds. 42 The fracture toughness values of the micro-and nano-composites are shown in Fig.…”

Voltammetric behavior and determination of the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin at a renewable silver – amalgam film electrode

“…Recently, a renewable silver-amalgam film electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) was applied to study the reduction of EES, the analytical signal of which appeared in a fairly negative potential range, and a trace-level adsorptive stripping voltammetric method was used to determine its concentration in a selected pharmaceutical preparation and in a spiked urine sample [35]. It is well-known that the Hg(Ag)FE is a relatively new type of amalgam-based electrodes [36][37][38][39], and provides an alternative to the hanging mercury drop electrode due to their similar electrochemical characteristics [40]; the Hg(Ag)FE enables the determination of a wide range of analytes, including different organic compounds [35,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. For example, it was used for the determination of the levels of some medications, such as EES [35], doxorubicin [41], closantel [42], moroxydine [43], ambazone [44], proguanil [45], prednisolone [46] in spiked urine samples [35,41,[43][44][45] and in pharmaceutical preparation [35,42,[44][45][46].…”

Stepwise optimization and sensitivity improvement of green micellar electrokinetic chromatography method to simultaneously determine some fluoroquinolones and glucocorticoids present in various binary ophthalmic formulations

“…Various methods have been reported describing the assay of the fluoroquinolones and corticosteroids either singly or in combination. These methods include spectrophotometry (Abdel‐Razeq, Darwish, Zaazaa, Nasr, & Zeinab, 2015; Patel & Patel, 2013; Pradhan, Raiyani, Shah, Patel, & Upadhyay, 2015; Sversut et al, 2017), HPLC (El Gammal, El‐Wasseef, El‐Ashry, & Saadia, 2018; Gandhi, Rao, & Rao, 2016; Saad, Essam, Elzanfaly, & Amer, 2020; Sher, Fatima, Perveen, & Siddiqui, 2019; Sversut et al, 2014), thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) (Dorofeev, Konovalov, Kochin, & Arzamastsev, 2004; Musharraf, Fatima, & Sultana, 2012; Saad et al, 2020; Seid, Hymete, & Bekhit, 2012), capillary electrophoresis (Al Azzam, Saad, Adnan, & Aboul‐Enein, 2010; Alnajjar, 2013; Bourdon et al, 2013; Gallego & Arroyo, 2003; Horstkötter & Blaschke, 2001; Maher et al, 2013; Olędzka, Kowalski, Plenis, & Bączek, 2017; British Pharmacopoeia, 2013; Song, Bai, Jia, & Zhou, 2008; Suliman, Elbashir, & Schmitz, 2015; Wang et al, 2009; Zhu, Jiang, & Hu, 2002) and electrochemical methods (El‐Rahman, Lotfy, Hegazy, Rezk, & Rostom, 2015; Smajdor, Piech, & Paczosa‐Bator, 2016; Zhang, Gu, Ding, Li, & Liu, 2013; Zhang, Gu, Ding, Zhang, & Li, 2013). After a thorough investigation of literature, it was observed that no capillary electrophoretic method has been published for the simultaneous assay of the four chosen drugs.…”