A novel method for the detection and diagnosis of virus infections in honey bees

Huang, Shaokang; Li, Jianghong; Zhang, Yi; Li, Zhiguo; Evans, Jay D.; Rose, Robyn; Gilligan, Todd M.; LeBrun, Anne; He, Nan; Teng, Zheng; Ti-yin, Zhang; Hamilton, Michele; Chen, Yan Ping

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114163

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In insects, humoral immunity responses rely more heavily on melanization and on the Toll, Imd and Jak/Stat immune pathways associated with antimicrobial peptides along with stress factors [44]. Previous reports revealed that levels of BQCV infection were positively correlated with the expression of hymenoptaecin and defensin1 in the haemolymph of infected bees [25,26]. Likewise, our study showed that BQCV infection activated the expression of immune genes hymenoptaecin and defensin 1 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The general trend for BQCV litres steadily at 5×10 7 genome copies from day 1 to day 5, and BQCV loads in BQCV group was extremely significantly higher than control group every day ( P< 0.01) (). Previous research has found a link between BQCV infection and the expression levels of hymenoptaecin and defensin 1 in the haemolymph of BOCV-infected bees [25, 26]. To further determine the pathogenicity of the infectious clones of BQCV, scanning electron microscopy was used to analysis the blood cell and showed that BQCV injection infection promoted blood-cell division and proliferation compared to the control group, and the agglutination of haemolymph occurred in bees after BQCV infection at 96 h ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery and genetic characterization of black queen cell virus

Yang

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of General Virology

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Black queen cell virus (BQCV) is a severe threat to the honeybee (Apis mellifera) worldwide. Although several BQCV strains have been reported in China, the molecular basis for BQCV pathogenicity has not been well understood. Thus, a reverse genetic system of BQCV is required for studying viral replication and its pathogenic mechanism. Here, the complete genome sequence of BQCV was obtained from honeybees using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), namely a BQCV China-GS1 strain (KY741959). Then, a phylogenetic tree was built to analyse the genetic relationships among BQCV strains from different regions. Our results showed that the BQCV China-GS1 contained two ORFs, consistent with the known reference strains, except for the BQCV China-JL1 strain (KP119603). Furthermore, the infectious clone of BQCV was constructed based on BQCV China-GS1 using a low copy vector pACYC177 and gene recombination. Due to the lack of culture cells for bee viruses, we infected the healthy bees with infectious clone of BQCV, and the rescued BQCV resulted in the recovery of recombinant virus, which induced higher mortality than those of the control group. Immune response after inoculated with BQCV further confirmed that the infectious clone of BQCV caused the cellular and humoral immune response of honeybee (A. mellifera). In conclusion, the full nucleotide sequence of BQCV China-GS1 strain was determined, and the infectious clone of BQCV was constructed in this study. These data will improve the understanding of pathogenesis and the host immune responses to viral infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and genetic characterization of black queen cell virus

Yang

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of General Virology

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“…Molecular diagnostics based on PCR has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to detect bee viruses with high sensitivity and specificity; however, the previously required nucleic acid extraction is tedious and time-consuming. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, Huang et al [ 334 ] developed a novel, simpler method for detecting viral infections in honeybees based on the analysis of a very small volume of hemolymph by direct RT-PCR. Several bee viruses, including DWV, BQCV and SBV, were reliably detected by this method up to a dilution of 1 in 1000 of hemolymph, yet the exact detection limit of the virus particle titer was not reported by the authors.…”

Section: Description Of Main Bee Pathogens and Molecular Methods For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Arthropod, Fungal, Protozoan, Bacterial and Viral Pathogens of Honeybees

Lannutti

Gonzales

Santos

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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The honeybee Apis mellifera is highly appreciated worldwide because of its products, but also as it is a pollinator of crops and wild plants. The beehive is vulnerable to infections due to arthropods, fungi, protozoa, bacteria and/or viruses that manage to by-pass the individual and social immune mechanisms of bees. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, infections easily spread within and between beehives. Moreover, international trade of bees has caused the global spread of infections, several of which result in significant losses for apiculture. Only in a few cases can infections be diagnosed with the naked eye, by direct observation of the pathogen in the case of some arthropods, or by pathogen-associated distinctive traits. Development of molecular methods based on the amplification and analysis of one or more genes or genomic segments has brought significant progress to the study of bee pathogens, allowing for: (i) the precise and sensitive identification of the infectious agent; (ii) the analysis of co-infections; (iii) the description of novel species; (iv) associations between geno- and pheno-types and (v) population structure studies. Sequencing of bee pathogen genomes has allowed for the identification of new molecular targets and the development of specific genotypification strategies.

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“…"Quality of Honey Harvested and Processed Using Traditional Methods in Rural Areas of Kenya"-2019 [5,6] The difference in the honey harvested using the traditional method and the honey collected using the brood box setup is compared in this study. Samples of the honey collected using the traditional method seems to have no loss in its nutrition content and mineral value though some samples seem to have compromised in aroma due to the excessive smoking of the hives is explained [7][8][9][10]. The quality of the honey is analysed using the quality attributes such as sugar level, moisture level, HMF and Diastase level.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective and Efficient Honey Harvest Alert System for Bee Farms

Raj¹,

Kavin²,

Jeeva³

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The technology described in this paper could be used to support the rural people who practice apiculture. The present innovation helps to increase the quality attributes of the honey by automating the process of monitoring the honey broods in order to obtain the first quality honey. The proposed invention continuously monitors the honey brood using the webcam and image processing technique is used to identify the capping level with absolute accuracy. We also monitor the humidity level inside the brood box using the humidity sensor ensuring the quality of honey produced and quality of the environment for the sustaining of bees. Image processing and machine learning is used to identify the level of capping occurred in the beehive and first quality of honey could be extracted if at least 75% of cells of the hive are capped.

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A novel method for the detection and diagnosis of virus infections in honey bees

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Recovery and genetic characterization of black queen cell virus

Recovery and genetic characterization of black queen cell virus

Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Arthropod, Fungal, Protozoan, Bacterial and Viral Pathogens of Honeybees

Effective and Efficient Honey Harvest Alert System for Bee Farms

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