A Novel Method for Safety Analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems—Application to a Ship Exhaust Gas Scrubber System

Bolbot, Victor; Theotokatos, Gerasimos; Boulougouris, Evangelos; Hamann, Rainer

doi:10.3390/safety6020026

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…In other studies, the significance of FTA for the reliability assessment of a hybrid system, including fuel cells, was highlighted [80]. Furthermore, reviews on the different safety and risk assessment techniques indicate that it is challenging to account for all the risks in a system; thus, hybrid methods are required [51,52,81,82].…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Reliability Analysis of an Ammonia-Powered Fuel-Cell System

Trivyza

Cheliotis

Boulougouris

et al. 2021

Safety

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Recently, the shipping industry has been under increasing pressure to improve its environmental impact with a target of a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, compared to the 2008 levels. For this reason, great attention has been placed on alternative zero-carbon fuels, specifically ammonia, which is considered a promising solution for shipping decarbonisation. In this respect, a novel ammonia-powered fuel-cell configuration is proposed as an energy-efficient power generation configuration with excellent environmental performance. However, there are safety and reliability concerns of the proposed ammonia-powered system that need to be addressed prior to its wider acceptance by the maritime community. Therefore, this is the first attempt to holistically examine the safety, operability, and reliability of an ammonia fuel-cell-powered ship, while considering the bunkering and fuel specifications. The proposed methodology includes the novel combination of a systematic preliminary hazard identification process with a functional and model-based approach for simulating the impact of various hazards. Furthermore, the critical faults and functional failures of the proposed system are identified and ranked according to their importance. This work can be beneficial for both shipowners and policymakers by introducing technical innovation and for supporting the future regulatory framework.

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Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Reliability Analysis of an Ammonia-Powered Fuel-Cell System

Trivyza

Cheliotis

Boulougouris

et al. 2021

Safety

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“…Other methods/software tools could be also used, such as Hip-HOPs [24], COMPASS [25] or MADe [26][27][28] for automatically deriving the Fault Tree or Dynamic Fault Trees. This study employs the Combinatorial Approach to Safety Analysis (CASA) method, which is presented in [29][30][31]. The CASA method advantage is that it captures more accurately the dynamic and software-intensive character of cyber-physical systems compared to the classical Fault Tree Analysis [29].…”

Section: Step 1-development Of Safety Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study employs the Combinatorial Approach to Safety Analysis (CASA) method, which is presented in [29][30][31]. The CASA method advantage is that it captures more accurately the dynamic and software-intensive character of cyber-physical systems compared to the classical Fault Tree Analysis [29]. On the other side, CASA results in a very extensive depiction of the system top-event and is labour-intensive.…”

Section: Step 1-development Of Safety Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Blackout Probability Monitoring System for Cruise Ship Power Plants

Bolbot

Theotokatos

Hamann³

et al. 2021

Energies

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Stringent environmental regulations and efforts to improve the shipping operations sustainability have resulted in designing and employing more complex configurations for the ship power plants systems and the implementation of digitalised functionalities. Due to these systems complexity, critical situations arising from the components and subsystem failures, which may lead to accidents, require timely detection and mitigation. This study aims at enhancing the safety of ship complex systems and their operation by developing the concept of an integrated monitoring safety system that employs existing safety models and data fusion from shipboard sensors. Detailed Fault Trees that model the blackout top event, representing the sailing modes of a cruise ship and the operating modes of its plant, are employed. Shipboard sensors’ measurements acquired by the cruise ship alarm and monitoring system are integrated with these Fault Trees to account for the acquired shipboard information on the investigated power plant configuration and its components operating conditions, thus, facilitating the estimation of the blackout probability time variation as well as the dynamic criticality assessment of the power plant components. The proposed concept is verified by using a virtual simulation environment developed in Matlab/Simulink. This study supports the dynamic assessment of the ship power plants and therefore benefits the decision-making for enhancing the plant safety during operations.

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“…Rokseth et al 15,16 used the System-Theoretic Process Analysis for the power system safety analysis. Bolbot et al 17 developed and used a combinatorial approach for the exhaust gas scrubber system safety analysis. Niculita et al 18 employed the Maintenance Aware Design environment (MADe) software tool for the fault detection and the diagnosis system development of a ship main engine fuel oil system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A functional model-based approach for ship systems safety and reliability analysis: Application to a cruise ship lubricating oil system

Dionysiou

Bolbot

Theotokatos

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:

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The lubricating oil systems are essential for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the cruise ships power plants as demonstrated by recent incidents. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety enhancement of a cruise ship lubricating oil system by employing safety, reliability, availability and diagnosability analyses, which are based on the system functional modelling implemented in the MADe™ software. The safety analysis is implemented by combining a Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis and the systems functional Fault Tree Analysis. Subsequently, Reliability Block Diagrams are employed to estimate the system reliability and availability metrics. The MADe™ toolbox for determining sensors locations is employed for a more advanced diagnostic system development. A number of design modifications are proposed and the alternative configurations reliability metrics are estimated. The derived results demonstrate that the suction strainer and the lubricating oil pump are the most critical system components. Seven additional sensors are proposed to enhance the original system design. Compared with the original system design, the investigated alternative designs exhibit significantly lower probabilities of failure and higher values of availability.

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A Novel Method for Safety Analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems—Application to a Ship Exhaust Gas Scrubber System

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Safety and Reliability Analysis of an Ammonia-Powered Fuel-Cell System

Safety and Reliability Analysis of an Ammonia-Powered Fuel-Cell System

Dynamic Blackout Probability Monitoring System for Cruise Ship Power Plants

A functional model-based approach for ship systems safety and reliability analysis: Application to a cruise ship lubricating oil system

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