A novel method for EBT3 Gafchromic films read-out at high dose levels

Vaiano, Patrizio; Consales, M.; Casolaro, Pierluigi; Campajola, L.; Fienga, F.; Capua, F. Di; Breglio, Giovanni; Buontempo, S.; Cutolo, A.; Cusano, A.

doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.04.013

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although in this work the optimal upper range was found to be ~40 Gy, adopting the methodology reported in Ref. for other film models and more recently by Vaiano et al, the dynamic range may be significantly extended. One version of multichannel film dosimetry as per Micke et al varies the dose values until the corresponding scanned optical density values for various color channels are best matched.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Response characterization of EBT‐XD radiochromic films in megavoltage photon and electron beams

et al. 2019

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the beam quality dependence of the EBT‐XD radiochromic films for megavoltage photon and electron beam irradiations by studying their spectral response. Dose, dose rate, and interbatch dependencies were investigated as well. Methods EBT‐XD and EBT3 radiochromic films were cut into 5 cm2 × 5 cm2 pieces, placed between solid water phantoms, and irradiated with 6 and 15 MV photon beams, 6 and 10 MV flattening filter free photon beams, and 6 and 20 MeV electron beams at dose levels between 0.5 and 50 Gy. In order to measure the spectral response, the films were illuminated by a deuterium and tungsten‐halogen lamp and net absorption was measured in 400–800 nm spectral range using a fiber‐coupled optical spectrometer. Film samples were then analyzed using a flatbed scanner in the red, green, and blue channel to obtain the optical density of the films. Results The net absorption spectra of the EBT‐XD and EBT3 films showed two absorption bands centered at 635 and 585 nm, characteristic of the EBT model. However, for a given dose, the EBT‐XD films showed lower net absorbance compared to the EBT3 films. At a given dose level, the net absorption spectra and dose–response curves for EBT‐XD films showed only slight variations across various beam qualities. When a calibration curve obtained from a given beam quality is used to measure dose from films irradiated with other beam qualities, the maximum uncertainty in the calculated dose, in ranges 5–40 and 8–50 Gy for red and green channels, respectively, were ~3.1% and ~2.4%. Conclusions The response of the EBT‐XD films is dose rate independent but batch dependent. No significant beam quality dependence was observed in EBT‐XD films in the dose range up to 50 Gy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Response characterization of EBT‐XD radiochromic films in megavoltage photon and electron beams

et al. 2019

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“…To this aim, spectrophotometers have been used for the characterization of several RCF types to different radiation fields [93][94][95]. RCF spectral characterization has also been carried out by means of broadband spectrometers in combination with optical fibers [88,89,96,97]. As an example of this, Figure 6 shows the spectral response of EBT-3 Gafchromic™ film to several doses in the range 0-20 Gy.…”

Section: Densitometers and Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectra of Figure 6 have been acquired by means of an opto-electronic system, of which a full description can be found in [96,97]. For the sake of clarity, its basic operation is summarized here.…”

Section: Densitometers and Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochromic Films for the Two-Dimensional Dose Distribution Assessment

Casolaro

2021

Applied Sciences

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Radiochromic films are mainly used for two-dimensional dose verification in photon, electron, and proton therapy treatments. Moreover, the radiochromic film types available today allow their use in a wide dose range, corresponding to applications from low-medical diagnostics to high-dose beam profile measurements in charged particle medical accelerators. An in-depth knowledge of the characteristics of radiochromic films, of their operating principles, and of the dose reading techniques is of paramount importance to exploit all the features of this interesting and versatile radiation detection system. This short review focuses on these main aspects by considering the most recent works on the subject.

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“…Gafchromic MD-55 films are regarded as accurate dosimeters, capable of measuring doses with an uncertainty of less than 1% near 6 Gy (Klassen et al, 1997). Gafchromic EBT3 films are very sensitive to radiation and can be used in the range of 0.5 to 100 Gy (Vaiano et al, 2019). These latter films were made of microcrystals of the lithium salt of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) dispersed in gelatin (Balakrishnan et al, 2010;Callens et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,10-Bis(diphenylamino)-4,6-decadiyne as an active component of a radiochromic film dosimeter

Soliman

Abdel-Fattah

Dutremez

2021

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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Gamma-irradiation processes are very important tools for minimizing microbial load in dry food, inhibiting the proliferation of T-lymphocytes in blood, and for the sterilization of medical devices. To this end, a composite film dosimeter made of a radiation-sensitive monomer, 1,10-bis(diphenylamino)-4,6-decadiyne (DPD), embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) was prepared using an automatic film applicator system. This polymeric film undergoes a color change from pale yellow to deep orange upon γ-irradiation due to topochemical polymerization of the DPD monomer. This color change is proportional to the amount of absorbed dose. With increasing absorbed doses, gradual disappearance of the  C≡C Raman band of the C≡C-C≡C chemical groups is observed, and new  C≡C and  C=C bands ascribed to the formation of a polydiacetylene with an enyne structure are detected. The irradiated films exhibited two absorption maxima at 470 and 502 nm as measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and the intensities of these bands increased with increasing absorbed doses. Analysis of these films using a high-resolution flatbed scanner (2400 dpi) showed an increase in optical density with increasing absorbed doses up to 269.1 kGy. Stability checks revealed that the irradiated films underwent an increase in the color intensity by ≈3.1% over 50 days of storage. In addition, relative humidities in the range 0-75.3% had a limited impact on the dose response of the films, with a 4% change in this range. The uncertainty (2σ) on dose measurements using the scanner was 4.46%, demonstrating the effectiveness of this film dosimeter for radiation monitoring up to 296.1 kGy.

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A novel method for EBT3 Gafchromic films read-out at high dose levels

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Response characterization of EBT‐XD radiochromic films in megavoltage photon and electron beams

Response characterization of EBT‐XD radiochromic films in megavoltage photon and electron beams

Radiochromic Films for the Two-Dimensional Dose Distribution Assessment

1,10-Bis(diphenylamino)-4,6-decadiyne as an active component of a radiochromic film dosimeter

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