Assessment of subtle changes in the primary macromolecular components of cartilage, proteoglycan (PG) and collagen, is critical for the diagnosis of early stages of osteoarthritis (OA), but to date has remained a challenge. In the current study, we induced osteoarthritic cartilage changes in a rabbit model via ligament transection and medial meniscectomy and monitored disease progression with the techniques of infrared fiber optic probe (IFOP) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) microscopy. IFOP studies combined with chemometric partial least squares analysis enabled us to monitor progressive cartilage surface changes from two to twelve weeks post-surgery. FT-IRIS studies of histological sections of femoral condyle cartilage demonstrated that compared to control cartilage, the OA cartilage had significantly reduced PG content 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery, collagen fibril orientation changes 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery, and changes in collagen integrity 2 and 10 weeks post-surgery, but no significant changes in collagen content at any time point. MR microscopy studies found reduced fixed charge density (FCD), reflective of reduced PG content, in the OA cartilage compared to controls 4 weeks post-surgery. In addition, a non-significant trend towards higher apparent MT exchange rate k m was found in the OA cartilage at this time point, suggesting changes in collagen structural features. These two MR findings, for FCD and k m , parallel the FT-IRIS findings of reduced PG content, and altered collagen integrity, respectively. Further, MR microscopy studies at the 12 week time point cartilage found a trend towards longer T 2 values and decreased anisotropy in the deep zone of the OA cartilage, consistent with increased hydration and less ordered collagen. These studies demonstrate that together, FT-IRIS and MR microscopy provide complementary data on compositional changes in articular cartilage at early stages of osteoarthritic degradation.