“…From the vertically and horizontally polarized signals, that is, S v ( h ) , linearly and circularly polarized signals are also estimated from Equation 4 as follows: where the subscripts h , v , LCP , RCP , 45°, and 135° represent the horizontal, vertical, left‐hand, and right‐hand circular polarizations and the 45° and 135° linear polarizations, respectively. From the calculation in Equation 4, T h , T v , and T 4 (= T LCP − T RCP ) were obtained from five independent observations based on the control of the SPDT switches and phase shifters to determine the associated unknown gain‐offset matrix by cross‐correlating the vertical and horizontal brightness temperatures …”