A Novel Luminescent “Nanochip” as a Tandem Catalytic System for Chemiluminescent Detection of Sweat Glucose

Abstract

Accurate sweat glucose detection is a promising alternative to invasive finger-prick blood tests, allowing for self-monitoring of blood glucose with good patient compliance. In this study, we have developed a tandem catalytic system, termed as a luminescent "nanochip" (LAON), which was composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI)-engineered oxygen-doped carbon nitride (O-g-C 3 N 4 ), for chemiluminescent detection of sweat glucose. The LAON exhibits dual catalytic activity of glucose oxidase and peroxidase and can not only oxidize glucose to generate H 2 O 2 but catalyze H 2 O 2 -mediated luminol chemiluminescence, resulting in sensitive detection of glucose. We identify that the LAON can precisely detect glucose with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, enabling us to measure glucose levels in different biological samples. Particularly, the LAON is capable of sensitively and accurately monitoring dynamic changes in sweat glucose during exercise. Therefore, the LAON provides an alternative approach to supersede invasive blood tests and may improve the management of diabetes mellitus.

Selective Glucose Sensing under Physiological pH with Flexible and Binder‐Free Prussian Blue Coated Carbon Cloth Electrodes

“…The electrodes also demonstrate superior selectivity for glucose in the presence of common interfering agents in human blood and sweat. [59,60] Furthermore, CC/[CoFeÀ NO] electrode retains 93 % of its initial activity even after 15 days.…”

“…Moreover, the measurement is carried out with the addition of 2.5 mm NaCl, 12.5 μm ascorbic acid, and 12.5 μm uric acid (Figure 6a). [59] A visible activity is still not observed. The longterm stability of the fabricated PB sensors has also been investigated by examining their current response to a 1 mm glucose injection over 15 days (Figure 6b).…”

Recent advances in flexible and wearable sensors for monitoring chemical molecules

“…84–86 Typically, glucose levels in blood and sweat are 3.3–6.5 mM (ref. 87) and 0.05–0.1 mM, 88 lactate levels are 0.5–1.5 mM and 5–25 mM, 89 and uric acid levels are 0.389 ± 0.064 mM and 0.025 ± 0.007 mM, 90 respectively. In recent years, chemical sensors for monitoring the above-listed molecules have been developed.…”

Silver nanostructures prepared via novel green approach as an effective platform for biological and environmental applications

“…The urine test is positive when the glucose concentration in the urine exceeds 500–1000 mg/L ( Duc et al, 2018 ). A plethora of methods has been developed for glucose detection, such as spectrophotometry ( Dong et al, 2021 , Hwang et al, 2018 , Journal, 2012 ), electrochemistry ( Reghunath et al, 2021 , Yoo and Lee, 2010 , Yusan et al, 2018 ), chemiluminescence ( Gao et al, 2021 , Li et al, 2017 ), fluorometry ( Han et al, 2019 , Moschou et al, 2004 , Yu et al, 2022 ), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ( Cui et al, 2022 , Sun, 2021 ). Despite these, the colorimetric method has attracted significant attention for detection due to its simplicity, lower cost, practicality, and portability ( Li et al, 2013 ).…”