A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions

Phuntsho, Sherub; Shon, Ho Kyong; Hong, Seungkwan; Lee, Sangyoup; Vigneswaran, S.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2011.03.038

Cited by 406 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Using 25% fertilizer draw as an example, total nitrogen (TN) exhibited the highest RSF (96.9 ± 4.0 mmol m À2 h À1 ) owing to the cross-membrane leakage of Urea-N and NH 4 + -N. Consistent with the previous study [15], urea has the highest membrane permeability among major nutrient compounds resulting from its low hydrated diameter and small molecular weight [13]. In addition, the urea molecule is neutral and thus helps enhance its movement through the membrane [11]. Having a relatively smaller hydraulic diameter, NH 4 + -N had a lower RSF (24.2 ± 2.6 mmol m À2 h À1 ) than Urea-N (72.7 ± 1.1 mmol m À2 h À1 ) but still contributed significantly to RSF of TN.…”

Section: Effects Of the Draw Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The draw solute that does not need regeneration is of particular interest, because regeneration processes have a large demand for energy [10]. Fertilizer has been studied as a potential draw solute in FO so that the diluted draw solution after water extraction can be used for irrigation directly, thereby eliminating the need for regeneration [11,12]. Early studies mostly used synthetic chemicals as singlecomponent or blended fertilizers [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy consumption of water recovery from wastewater in a submerged forward osmosis system using commercial liquid fertilizer as a draw solute

Xiang

Zou

2017

Separation and Purification Technology

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a b s t r a c tUsing liquid fertilizer as a draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) to extract high-quality water from wastewater is of strong interest because it eliminates the need for regenerating draw solute, thereby requiring less energy input to system operation. However, energy consumption of such an approach has not been evaluated before. Herein, a submerged FO system with all-purpose liquid fertilizer as a draw solute was studied for energy consumption of water recovery from either deionized (DI) water or domestic wastewater. The results showed that a higher draw concentration led to higher water flux and lower energy consumption, for example 0.25 ± 0.08 kW h m À3 with 100% draw concentration, but reverse salt flux (RSF) was also more serious. Decreasing the recirculation flow rate from 100 to 25 mL min À1 had a minor effect on water flux, but significantly reduced energy consumption from 1.30 ± 0.28 to 0.09 ± 0.02 kW h m À3 . When extracting water from the secondary effluent, the FO system exhibited comparable performance of water flux and energy consumption to that of the DI water. However, the primary effluent resulted in obvious fouling of the FO membrane and higher energy consumption than that of the secondary effluent/DI water. This study has provided important implications to proper evaluation of energy consumption by the FO system using liquid fertilizer or other non-regenerating draw solutes.

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Section: Effects Of the Draw Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy consumption of water recovery from wastewater in a submerged forward osmosis system using commercial liquid fertilizer as a draw solute

Xiang

Zou

2017

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…Figure 14: Log-log plot of measured recovery ratio vs. recovery ratio calculated by the present analytical model. Sources: [11], [17], and [32]. Error bars have not been included because uncertainty analysis for the experimental data was not performed in the literature sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this model the salinity of each stream, and therefore the osmotic pressure and net driving pressure, is allowed to change over the length of the exchanger. This model is unlike those used in literature which assume that the salinity on both sides of the membrane is not a function of membrane area [12,17,18].…”

Section: The Importance Of System Scale Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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System scale analytical modeling of forward and assisted forward osmosis mass exchangers with a case study on fertigation

Banchik

Weiner

Al-Anzi

et al. 2016

Journal of Membrane Science

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Forward osmosis (FO) and assisted forward osmosis (AFO) mass exchangers are currently receiving considerable attention for their potential use in a variety of dilution and concentration applications in resource extraction, fertigation, and pharmaceutical process streams. In this work we develop analytical expressions for parallel and counterflow FO and AFO exchangers which can be used to quickly and accurately estimate the membrane area required for these applications in addition to determining the performance of existing exchangers. Unlike previous models, our analytical model accounts for internal and external concentration polarization in system scale exchangers with overall average errors of less than 10% against a numerical model and less than 35% validated against data from the literature. The performance of FO and AFO exchangers is compared, and an osmotic fertilizer dilution (fertigation) case study is investigated in which the trade-off between energy and membrane area requirements is quantified. We find that AFO exchangers yield a higher recovery relative to FO exchangers for a given energy input especially when the inlet draw-to-feed osmotic pressure ratio is low. Diminishing returns in recovery ratio are attained for increasing membrane area and increasing draw-to-feed mass flow rate ratio. We also find that for the same brackish feed water and recovery ratio, reductions in area of up to 40% relative to FO can be realized with 2 kWh/m 3 of energy input into an AFO system in the fertigation case study.

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Forward Osmosis

McCutcheon

Huang

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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Engineered osmosis (EO) is an emerging membrane separations platform capable of purifying water, dewatering solutions, or generating power. An osmotic agent, or draw solution, is used to drive water by osmosis across a membrane. This flow is then harnessed for purification or power generation. This chapter offers an overview of the EO platform technology through discussion of its promised benefits, its challenges, and its role in the future of membrane separations.

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A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions

Cited by 406 publications

References 52 publications

Energy consumption of water recovery from wastewater in a submerged forward osmosis system using commercial liquid fertilizer as a draw solute

Energy consumption of water recovery from wastewater in a submerged forward osmosis system using commercial liquid fertilizer as a draw solute

System scale analytical modeling of forward and assisted forward osmosis mass exchangers with a case study on fertigation

Forward Osmosis

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