A Novel Laboratory Method for Evaluating Induction System Deposits in Gasoline Engines

Marbach, H. W.; Johnston, A. A.; Bowden, J.N.; LePera, Maurice E.

doi:10.4271/790204

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Laboratory simulation tests have been developed which attempt to provide a better simulation of engine conditions than the analytical tests for predicting high temperature stability and intake system deposits, especially for gasolines containing additives. A test rig has been described (24,25) which could be used in a laboratory to predict the deposits formed in a carburetor and on intake valves. Such a test could be used for certification of fuels or for comparing the potency of competing additives.…”

Section: Cleanliness Good Gasoline Must Be Both Chemically and Physically Cleanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels

Hochhauser

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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All motor fuel in the United States is manufactured by private companies. Many of these are vertically integrated. That is, the same company finds the crude oil or buys it from a producing government, refines it into finished products, and then sells these products to independent retailers who specialize in that company's blended products or sells them at company operated service stations. There are also a significant number of companies that participate in only some aspects of the business cycle such as refining or marketing.Four groups are involved in the production or use of motor fuels in the United States: (1) manufacturers of the vehicles; (2) manufacturers and/or marketers of the fuels; (3) purchasers and users of fuels and vehicles; and (4) federal, state, and local regulatory agencies (qv). Each has a different role.Vehicle manufacturers must build cars and trucks that operate well on available fuels. They also specify the fuel requirements of their vehicles. Fuel marketers must produce fuels that operate in both new and old vehicles. The consumer, the purchaser of the fuel and the vehicle, wants the fuel to be affordable, readily available, and able to provide a high level of performance. Regulators check that fuels are labeled properly and meaningfully and that no unwarranted claims are made. They also regulate emissions from vehicles and set fuel specifications based on environmental considerations.Appropriate specifications are set when the vehicle and the fuel are viewed as a system, and when all four groups, or stakeholders, work together to define cost effective and efficient solutions that satisfy the needs of all stakeholders. The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), now known as ASTM International was founded in 1902 to promote just such a process. ASTM Committee D-2 provides a forum for regulators, vehicle manufacturers, fuel producers, and consumers to develop and recommend nonbinding standards for petroleum products. Among the types of ASTM standards are Specifications and Test methods. Specifications define a precise set of requirements to be satisfied by a material. Test methods define procedures for measuring qualities and characteristics of a material. Specifications for gasoline are contained in ASTM D 4814 (4) and for automotive diesel fuel in ASTM D 975 (5). These standards are updated periodically.ASTM committees must be balanced in that the number of voting producers must not be greater than the number of voting nonproducers. For petroleum products, nonproducers are regulators, consumers, and equipment manufacturers. Committee chairs must be nonproducers. Although standards must be approved by a majority, all negative votes must be carefully considered and a response made. In practice, because all issues are fully discussed and the discussions are based on hard data, very few negative votes are cast when standards are submitted for final approval. Although ASTM specifications do not have the force of law, many states have adopted them as state regulation, thus forcing a...

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Section: Cleanliness Good Gasoline Must Be Both Chemically and Physically Cleanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels

Hochhauser

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The importance of NO₂ in Bench Tests for Precombustion Deposits in the Spark Ignition Engine Intake System

Chou¹,

Priestman

1993

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Most previous laboratory-scale deposit simulator studies have considered mainly fuel or lubricant composition and properties, with no consideration of possible effects of NO,, which may affect initiation of the deposit formation process and the overall rate at which deposition occurs. In this study a laboratory-scale deposit simulator was developed which produced thin deposit films by spraying gasoline on to a heated aluminium sleeve to investigate the effects of temperature, N O , and possible gasoline blending components, on deposit formation. The amount of deposit collected is indicative of the deposit-jorming tendency of the test fuel. The deposit film composition was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results of the experiments indicate that deposit formation is indeed sensitive to NO,, in addition to the efects of temperalure and the molecular structure of the hydrocarbons. Thus the effect of NO, in deposit-related studies is important and should not be ignored.The F T I R analyses showed that when using NO, the deposits are of a uery similar structure to those produced in a real engine test.The analyses also gave some insight into the role of N O , in the deposit formation mechanism.

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Dust-proof Characteristics of a Bypass Flow Type Flowmeter Using a Hot Wire

Ohsuga¹,

Ohyama²

1984

Bulletin of JSME

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A Novel Laboratory Method for Evaluating Induction System Deposits in Gasoline Engines

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels

Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels

The importance of NO₂ in Bench Tests for Precombustion Deposits in the Spark Ignition Engine Intake System

Dust-proof Characteristics of a Bypass Flow Type Flowmeter Using a Hot Wire

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A Novel Laboratory Method for Evaluating Induction System Deposits in Gasoline Engines

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels

Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels

The importance of NO2 in Bench Tests for Precombustion Deposits in the Spark Ignition Engine Intake System

Dust-proof Characteristics of a Bypass Flow Type Flowmeter Using a Hot Wire

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Product

Resources

About

The importance of NO₂ in Bench Tests for Precombustion Deposits in the Spark Ignition Engine Intake System