A novel lab-scale batch foaming equipment: The mini-batch

Tammaro, Daniele; Contaldi, Vincenzo; Carbone, MG Pastore; Maio, Ernesto Di; Iannace, Salvatore

doi:10.1177/0021955x15584654

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…16 It is worth of noting that the pressure at the inlet of all the dies is above the solubility limit 24 and the PDR is constant. 25 Many authors have studied the effect of pressure drop rate (PDR) and shear rate on bubble nucleation and growth. 38,39 In the current study, the extrusion dies and processing conditions were designed to vary only the die swell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of extrudate swell on extrusion foam of polyethylene terephthalate

Tammaro

Walker

Lombardi

et al. 2020

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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The effect of extrudate swell on extrusion foam of thermoplastic polymers is presented using an experimental approach supported by a modelling of the phenomenon. Its understanding is fundamental in designing the geometry of a die for extrusion foam and to predict foaming. The extrudate swell is the swelling of a viscoelastic material due to a fast elastic recovery after being subjected to stresses. We show that there exists a link between the extrudate swell and foaming, performing experiments with simple and complex extrusion dies to measure the expansion ratio. It was found that the expansion ratio is anisotropic and the anisotropy in the expansion of the foam is due to the extrudate swell that affects strongly the final shape of the product and it cannot be neglected in standard application for extrusion foam. A simple heuristic model was developed to predict the extrudate swell from geometrical parameters and rheological characterization of the fluid. It was found that the foaming mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate, blown with cyclopentane, changes as function of extrudate swell and the lowest density foam is achieved using the die that has the bigger extrudate swell.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of extrudate swell on extrusion foam of polyethylene terephthalate

Tammaro

Walker

Lombardi

et al. 2020

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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“…All foams were prepared by a batch foaming process with the aid of sc-CO 2 . The foaming equipment utilized in this study is a custom-made pressure vessel with accurate control of the foaming processing variables 21 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic polyurethane–graphene nanoplatelets microcellular foams for electromagnetic interference shielding

Carbone

Beaugendre

Koral³

et al. 2020

Graphene Technol

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The incorporation of graphene-related materials as nanofiller can produce multifunctional foams with enhanced specific properties and density reduction. Herein we report on the preparation of microcellular thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene foams by batch foaming. Solution blending was first adopted to disperse graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in the elastomeric matrix. Then a foaming process based on the use of supercritical CO 2 was adopted to produce the microcellular TPU/GNP composite foams with graphene content up to 1 wt%. The EMI shielding behaviour of the TPU/GNP foams has been assessed in the THz range, and has revealed their potential in comparison with other graphene-filled foams presented in literature, that exhibit similar specific shielding effectiveness but at much higher content of graphene-related materials (10-30 wt%).

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“…The foaming apparatus utilized in this study, the minibatch, 11 allows to reach PDRs as high as 500 MPa/s from a saturation pressure of 10 MPa, and up to 1800 MPa/s, from a saturation pressure of 30 MPa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, some of the authors developed a batch foaming equipment, called ''minibatch,'' to substantially increase PDRs with respect to conventional vessels. 11 In the current work, the final foam morphology of PS foams blown with CO 2 on a wide range of PDRs (ranging from 50 to 500 MPa/s) was investigated and the effect of talc as nucleating agent was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into bubble nucleation at high-pressure drop rate

Tammaro

Iannace

Maio

2017

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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This paper presents insight in bubble nucleation in polymer foaming with physical blowing agent using a batch foaming technique. In our experiments the bubble nucleation is triggered by a sudden pressure drop that causes the supersaturation in the polymer gas solution. In fact, the pressure drop rate is an important process variable since it plays a role in both bubble nucleation and growth. Herein, we investigated very high pressure drop rates, and confirmed the great importance of the pressure drop rate as foaming process variable. The results show that the number of nucleated bubbles increases of one order of magnitude and the foam density is reduced if the pressure drop rate is increased from 50 to 500 MPa/s. Interestingly, the number of nucleated bubble increases linearly in a bi-logarithmic scale as function of pressure drop rate at all the investigated temperatures. Moreover, in the current paper, it is discussed how talc used as nucleating agent plays a role in cooperation with pressure drop rate on bubble nucleation at different foaming temperatures.

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A novel lab-scale batch foaming equipment: The mini-batch

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of extrudate swell on extrusion foam of polyethylene terephthalate

Effect of extrudate swell on extrusion foam of polyethylene terephthalate

Thermoplastic polyurethane–graphene nanoplatelets microcellular foams for electromagnetic interference shielding

Insight into bubble nucleation at high-pressure drop rate

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