A novel Koch and Sierpinski combined fractal antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G/WLAN/navigation applications

Abstract

A novel Koch Snowflake and Sierpinski Carpet combined fractal multiband antenna is proposed for 2G/3G/4G/5G/WLAN/Navigation wireless applications in the paper, which is based on the principles of conventional microstrip monopole antenna and resonant coupling technique, combined with the advantages of fractal geometry. The antenna has the combination radiator of a two iteration Koch snowflake fractal with a four iteration Sierpinski Carpet fractal slotted inside, and a six edges ring resonator on back side to generate six resonant frequencies. The antenna covers more than ten mobile applications in six frequency bands with a bandwidth of 12.2% (0.85–0.96 GHz) for GSM900 and CDMA2000, 23.2% (1.22–1.54 GHz) for TD‐LTE (B‐TrunC), 13.1% (1.86–2.12 GHz) for LTE33‐37 and TD‐SCDMA, 29.9% (2.4–3.22 GHz) for ISM2.4G, Bluetooth, GPS, COMPASS, GLONSS, GALILEO, WLAN, 7.3% (3.69–3.97 GHz) for LTE42/43 and WiMAX, 21.1% (4.84–5.98 GHz) for WLAN and 5G systems. The proposed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate, the size is 80*54*1.6 mm3. The measured results reveal that the omnidirectional radiation patterns with −2.9 to 4.64 dBi gain. The good agreement between the measurement results and the simulation results validate that the proposed design approach meet the requirements for various wireless applications.

A Novel Dual-Band Binary Branch Fractal Bionic Antenna for Mobile Terminals

“…e bending and folding method of the antenna radiator structure is used to increase the electrical length of the antenna to achieve miniaturization of the antenna [13][14][15]. Among these design methods, fractal structure approaches are the most representative for their compact size, low profile, and multiband response, with fractal self-similarity and space filling used to increase the antenna electrical length and radiation efficiency [16][17][18].…”

Multi-Band Fractaled Triangular Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications

“…Simulations are based on ideal boundary conditions while measured result incurs several losses as well. It is seen that the antenna resonates at 12.31 GHz, 13.18 GHz, 15.21 GHz and 19.7 GHz covering the operating frequency band of Ku-band [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and K-band [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Hence these bands show that the antenna is capable of using for commercial purpose and for satellite applications as well.…”

“…Also, a Pythagorean-shaped iterated fractal antenna is realized in [10] by Kumar et al The multiband fractal antenna design of Pythagoras tree shapes is previously done by Kumar et al [11]. A novel Koch Snowflake and Sierpinski Carpet combined fractal multiband antenna is proposed by Yu et al [12] for 2G/3G/4G/5G/WLAN/Navigation wireless applications, based on principles of conventional microstrip monopole antenna and resonant coupling technique, combined with advantages of fractal geometry. Also, a fractal by Eskandari et al [13], in arms of an antipodal dipole for antenna miniaturization, uses the Chu's sphere very effectively to keep antenna efficiency very high.…”

Ultrawideband Low-Profile and Miniaturized Spoof Plasmonic Vivaldi Antenna for Base Station

“…However, their impedance bandwidth and isolation are not good enough. Some attractive techniques have been proposed to broaden the impedance bandwidth by using parasitic patches [11], loading H-slot [12] and U-slot [13], using a multiresonant structure [14], and using a fractal structure [15]. Although the shorted-dipoles printed antenna fed by integrated baluns [16] and the dual-band folded dipole antenna [17] cover 2G/3G/4G/5G frequency band, the gain and radiation pattern of these antennas are unstable over the operating frequency band.…”