A novel key expansion technique using diffusion

Al-Muhammed, Muhammed Jassem

doi:10.1016/s1361-3723(18)30025-3

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Although literature has reported many techniques that can expand a sequence of n symbols to a longer sequence (e.g. 18 , 19 ), this paper utilizes SHA-512 20 . SHA-512 is a one-way, fast, and has high avalanche effect; making it a perfect choice for key expansion.…”

Section: Sealing Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Encryption technique based on chaotic neural network space shift and color-theory-induced distortion

Al-Muhammed

Zitar

2022

Sci Rep

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Protecting information privacy is likely to promote trust in the digital world and increase its use. This trust may go a long way toward motivating a wider use of networks and the internet, making the vision of the semantic web and Internet of Things a reality. Many encryption techniques that purport to protect information against known attacks are available. However, since the security challenges are ever-growing, devising effective techniques that counter the emerging challenges seems a rational response to these challenges. This paper proffers an encryption technique with a unique computational model that inspires ideas from color theory and chaotic systems. This mix offers a novel computation model with effective operations that (1) highly confuse plaintext and (2) generate key-based enormously complicated codes to hide the resulting ciphertext. Experiments with the prototype implementation showed that the proposed technique is effective (passed rigorous NIST/ENT security tests) and fast.

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Section: Sealing Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Encryption technique based on chaotic neural network space shift and color-theory-induced distortion

Al-Muhammed

Zitar

2022

Sci Rep

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“…The encryption key must, therefore, be expanded to match the length of the output (the ciphertext). One of the effective and efficient secret key expansion techniques is proposed in [ 53 ]. This expansion technique has three important properties that make it ideal for our approach.…”

Section: Distortion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the sake of self-containment, we provide a succinct description of the key expansion technique and refer the interested readers to [ 53 ] for more technical details. Fig 11 outlines the control flow of the key expansion technique.…”

Section: Distortion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intuition is that large seeds lengthen the period of the generator so that it can produce long sequences without repeating the same sequence. The key extension method uses Substitute and Manipulate operations whose technical details are beyond the scope of this paper and can be found elsewhere [53]. The random number generation generates its output by repeating steps (2) through (7).…”

Section: Random Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid encryption technique: Integrating the neural network with distortion techniques

Zitar

Al-Muhammed²

2022

PLoS ONE

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This paper proposes a hybrid technique for data security. The computational model of the technique is grounded on both the non-linearity of neural network manipulations and the effective distortion operations. To accomplish this, a two-layer feedforward neural network is trained for each plaintext block. The first layer encodes the symbols of the input block, making the resulting ciphertext highly uncorrelated with the input block. The second layer reverses the impact of the first layer by generating weights that are used to restore the original plaintext block from the ciphered one. The distortion stage imposes further confusion on the ciphertext by applying a set of distortion and substitution operations whose functionality is fully controlled by random numbers generated by a key-based random number generator. This hybridization between these two stages (neural network stage and distortion stage) yields a very elusive technique that produces ciphertext with the maximum confusion. Furthermore, the proposed technique goes a step further by embedding a recurrent neural network that works in parallel with the first layer of the neural network to generate a digital signature for each input block. This signature is used to maintain the integrity of the block. The proposed method, therefore, not only ensures the confidentiality of the information but also equally maintains its integrity. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is proven through a set of rigorous randomness testing.

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“…To conceal the correlation between the round input and round output, each sub-key is shuffled with the round data. Therefore, creating a strong KEA plays a crucial role in the advancement of any symmetric block cipher system since its effectiveness directly impacts the security of the entire block cipher [7]- [9]. Therefore, a KEA must generate sub-keys with a high degree of randomness and also exhibit robust confusion and diffusion characteristics, ensuring that all derived sub-keys are independent of one another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprecedented Security Analysis Results for a Novel Key Expansion Algorithm Based on Protein Sequences, Dynamic Mealy Machine, and 3D Logistic Map

2024

IJIES

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The key expansion algorithm is an important part of any symmetric block cipher system since its effectiveness directly impacts the security of the entire block cipher; if it is not strong enough, the whole cryptosystem could be broken. Therefore, the round keys must be generated in a very secure way so that they cannot be attacked at all. Despite its great importance, cryptographic algorithm designers were not as interested in creating a secure round keys generation algorithm as they were in encryption itself. In this regard, designing a novel, simple, and flexible key expansion algorithm that generates round keys with secure characteristics is the aim of this research. The proposed Key Expansion algorithm is based on Dynamic Mealy Machine, 3D Logistic Map, and Protein Sequence (KE-DMM3DLMPS). The strength of the proposed KE-DMM3DLMPS algorithm is tested using flexibility, the NIST SP800-22 randomness test suite, histogram analysis, key space analysis, correlation coefficient, hamming distance, number of bit change rate, initial key sensitivity, confusion and diffusion, and differential attack. In comparison to some existing algorithms, experimental results showed that the generated round keys by the proposed KE-DMM3DLMPS algorithm passed all the NIST tests with higher randomness, a uniform and ideal distribution of the amino acids present in each round key, and a higher key space of up to 20 × 2 471 . Furthermore, the KE-DMM3DLMPS avoids the linear relationship between the master secret key and the generated round keys and is capable of effectively blocking differential attacks. The proposed algorithm successfully adheres to key cryptographic principles such as irreversibility, independence, the strict avalanche effect, confusion, and diffusion. Through comprehensive testing and comparisons, the derived conclusion asserts that our algorithm stands as an efficient and secure solution. Its applicability extends to any symmetric block cryptosystem, with the primary goal of enhancing encryption and bolstering security.

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A novel key expansion technique using diffusion

Abstract: The security of encryption techniques depends a great deal on the proper manipulation of keys during the encryption process. Improper key handling and use may lead to malicious actors being able to predict the key and consequently endanger the security of the data.

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Encryption technique based on chaotic neural network space shift and color-theory-induced distortion

Encryption technique based on chaotic neural network space shift and color-theory-induced distortion

Hybrid encryption technique: Integrating the neural network with distortion techniques

Unprecedented Security Analysis Results for a Novel Key Expansion Algorithm Based on Protein Sequences, Dynamic Mealy Machine, and 3D Logistic Map

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