2005
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.010
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A novel intranasal Protollin™-based measles vaccine induces mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibody responses and cell-mediated immunity in mice

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Cited by 47 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…They include the well-known cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin as well as their non-toxic variants, muramyl di-peptide [3], outer membrane proteins [4,5] and outer membrane vesicles [6] of e.g. Neisseria meningitidis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They include the well-known cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin as well as their non-toxic variants, muramyl di-peptide [3], outer membrane proteins [4,5] and outer membrane vesicles [6] of e.g. Neisseria meningitidis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Early proof-of-principal studies with EtpA were conducted using an intranasal route of vaccination with Protollin (14,[17][18][19] or heat-labile toxin (LT) (20). However, because LT is not safe for intranasal vaccination in humans (21,22), and because an LT toxoid will likely be a key component of next-generation vaccines, here we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this context, we examined the immunomodulatory potential of Protollin, a mucosal vaccine adjuvant composed of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands, in a murine model of experimental allergic asthma (11). Protollin was determined to be safe and well-tolerated up to a dose of 1.5 mg LPS when administered via the intranasal route in phase I (12) and II (13) human clinical trials, and has been tested as an intranasal vaccine adjuvant in animal models of influenza (14), respiratory syncytial virus (15), severe acute respiratory syndrome (16), plague (Yersinia pestis) (17), and measles (18) infection, as well as in models of Alzheimer's disease (19). Protollin consists of LPS molecules (TLR4 ligand) from Shigella flexneri, a Gram-negative bacterium, noncovalently incorporated in nanomolecular vesicles formed by proteosomes, consisting of purified hydrophobic outer-membrane proteins from Neisseria meningitidis (shown to signal via a TLR2/1 heterodimer complex) (20,21).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%