A novel intensified reactive distillation process to produce pure ethyl acetate in one column—Part I: Parametric study

Catalytic distillation for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol: promising SS‐fiber@HZSM‐5 catalytic packings and experimental optimization via response surface methodology

“…Over the investigated range of reflux ratio from 1 to 2, the total/actual yield of ethyl acetate reaches a maximum of 98.1%/91.1% at a reflux ratio of 1.5, associated with a high ethyl acetate STY (1.25 g g zeolite −1 h −1 ). Not surprisingly, operating at a high reflux ratio of 2 results in a slight reduction of the purity and actual yield of ethyl acetate, because of the lower amount of the distillate stream, which increases the ethyl acetate in the column thereby retarding the esterification reaction …”

“…Not surprisingly, operating at a high reflux ratio of 2 results in a slight reduction of the purity and actual yield of ethyl acetate, because of the lower amount of the distillate stream, which increases the ethyl acetate in the column thereby retarding the esterification reaction. 54 Interaction effects of variables RSM, instead of studying single variables in the conventional method, has been defined as a method with regression modeling and optimization techniques to find the appropriate relation between multiple process variables and more responses. Therefore, the response surfaces of the two models described for the actual yield (Equation (4)) and purity (Equation (5)) of ethyl acetate were employed to investigate the interactions of the parameters, which is necessary for a comprehensive optimization study.…”

Feed‐Splitting as Energy‐Saving Technique in the Heterogeneous Distillation of Ethanol–Water Azeotropes

“…Distillation is one of the oldest and most important separation processes in the chemical and petrochemical industries. It is the most‐often targeted process when addressing energy consumption issues . Distillation makes use of the different volatilities of components to separate them.…”

“…It is the most-often targeted process when addressing energy consumption issues. [1][2][3][4] Distillation makes use of the different volatilities of components to separate them. Easy separations,w ith lower energy demands, can be achieved if the system has companentsw ith high relative volatilities.I nt his regard, process integration has been identified as ap roper methodt or educe energy requirements.A lthough several methods have been used to save energy in distillation processes,p reheating and precooling of af eed are well-known, commonp rocedurest os ave energyi ni ndustrial distillation towers.I nt his method heating (or cooling) of the feed with one the column streams is an appropriate way to save energy in "warm" (or "cold") distillation columns.B yu sing this heat-integration technique, energy waste can be lowered, which can stronglyc ontributet or educe the energyr equirement of columnsi no ptimized processh eaters (or coolers).…”

Techno‐Economic Analysis of the Carbon Dioxide (CO2)–Ethane Azeotrope Separation for Natural Gas Processes

“…It is well known that the basis of ad istillation process is the difference in volatility of the components that should be separated.A ne asier separation with lower energyd emand can be achieved if ah igher relative volatility is provided for the system. [1][2][3][4] Although, severalm ethods are used for energy saving in distillation processes,p re-heating and pre-cooling of the feed are well known as ac ommon procedure for saving energy in industrial distillation towers. In this method, pre-heating( or pre-cooling) of the feed using the column streams has been introduced as an appropriate methodf or energy savings in "warm" (or "cold") distillation columns,respectively.W ith this heat integration technique,t he decrease in wasteo fe nergy can be further improved and might highly contribute to reduce the column energy requirement for optimizedp rocess heaters (or coolers).…”