A novel integrated framework to evaluate greenhouse energy demand and crop yield production

Golzar, Farzin; Heeren, Niko; Hellweg, Stefanie; Roshandel, Ramin

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.046

Cited by 67 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…No minimum size was set for greenhouse size. We considered the optimal internal temperature ( T i ) for growing tomatoes, which is 20°C (Golzar et al., 2018; Jones, Kenig, & Vallejos, 1999), as an average value for the day and night temperatures. For external temperature, we considered the temperatures of all meteorological data points (6 km resolution) in Switzerland (Bollmeyer et al., 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiosis opportunities between food and energy system: The potential of manure‐based biogas as heating source for greenhouse production

Golzar

Bowman

Hellweg

et al. 2020

J of Industrial Ecology

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The concept of symbiosis, a mutually beneficial relationship, can be applied to food and energy systems. Greenhouse systems and biogas plants are interesting technologies for food–energy symbiosis, because both are usually based in rural areas and offer opportunities for the exchange of materials (e.g., biomass waste from the greenhouse as input to biogas plants) and energy (heat from biogas co‐generation for heating greenhouses). In this paper, the focus lies on manure resources for biogas in Switzerland, because manure amounts are high and currently largely underused. We provide a spatial analysis of the availability of manure as feedstock to biogas plants and heat source for greenhouses. In this feasibility study, we coupled the potential waste heat supply from manure‐based biogas and the greenhouse peak heat demand. We quantified the area‐based greenhouse heating demand for year‐around tomato production (from 0.98 to 2.67 MW ha−1 where the farms are located) and the available heat supply from manure‐based biogas (up to 3,200 GJ a−1 km−2). A total maximum greenhouse area of 104 ha could be sustained with manure‐based biogas heat, producing 20,800 tonnes a−1 tomatoes. This amounts to 11% of the total domestic tomato demand. Although the results are specific to Switzerland, our method can be adapted and also applied to other regions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiosis opportunities between food and energy system: The potential of manure‐based biogas as heating source for greenhouse production

Golzar

Bowman

Hellweg

et al. 2020

J of Industrial Ecology

Self Cite

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“…Given the vegetables chosen, an appropriate greenhouse temperature must be selected for the simulations. The optimal temperature for vegetables is between 18 and 28 • C; in cold locations a temperature closer to the lower bound, 20 • C, is appropriate [38,39,72], although this may inhibit the choice of tomatoes as a vegetable in favor of some others that prosper best in cooler conditions (kale, chard, etc.). The lower temperature choice provides adequate growing conditions while reducing temperature differential.…”

Section: Building and Vegetable Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With no GHG emissions, geothermal energy can provide the heating, cooling, and electricity needs of a facility, depending on location and the quality of the geothermal resource. A controlled environment greenhouse is energy intensive, with over 50% of operational costs dedicated to energy demands, the majority of which is to control temperature [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities

et al. 2019

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The cold, remote, northern regions of Canada constitute a challenging environment for the provision of reliable energy and food supply to communities. A transition from fossil fuels to renewables-based sources of energy is one positive step in reducing the greenhouse gases from the energy supply system, which currently requires long-distance transport of diesel for electricity and heating needs. Geothermal energy can not only displace diesel for part of this energy need, it can provide a base-load source of local energy to support food production and mitigate adverse impacts of food insecurity on communities. In this proof-of-concept study, we highlight some potential benefits of using geothermal energy to serve Canada's northern communities. Specifically, we focus on food security and evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables in a "controlled environment", using ground sources of heat for energy requirements at three remote locations-Resolute Bay, Nunavut, as well as Moosonee and Pagwa in Ontario. The system is designed for geothermal district heating combined with efficient use of nutrients, water, and heat to yield a diverse crop of vegetables at an average cost up to 50% lower than the current cost of these vegetables delivered to Resolute Bay. The estimates of thermal energy requirements vary by location (e.g., they are in the range of 41 to 44 kW of thermal energy for a single greenhouse in Resolute Bay). To attain adequate system size to support the operation of such greenhouses, it is expected that up to 15% of the annually recommended servings of vegetables can be provided. Our comparative analysis of geothermal system capital costs shows significantly lower capital costs in Southern Ontario compared to Northern Canada-lower by one-third. Notwithstanding high capital costs, our study demonstrates the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables cost-effectively in the cold northern climate. This suggests that geothermal energy systems can supply the heat needed for greenhouse applications in remote northern regions, supplying a reliable and robust source of cost-competitive sustainable energy over the long-term and providing a basis for improved food security and economic empowerment of communities.Energies 2019, 12, 4058 2 of 25 and food insecurity, water scarcity, ocean pollution, and environmental threats, such as climate change, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and air pollution [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Limitations of nonrenewable energy sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, and uranium [2,15,16], including the high cost of exploration, exploitation, and transportation, as well as ancillary factors such as political issues [17], have resulted in concerns over energy. Additionally, burning fossil fuels for electricity generation, heating and cooling needs is deemed a major contributor to emissions of GHGs [3,[18][19][20][21][22][23].Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a principal GHG agent, and new, long-residence CO 2 is...

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“…Relatively few models considered photosynthesis (9 of 24) and yield (8 of 24), and approaches varied between those that did. Ahamed et al (2018bAhamed et al ( , 2018c) Golzar et al (2018Golzar et al ( , 2019 Design Ven New Abbes et al (2010).…”

Section: Composition Of Process-based Greenhouse Climate Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Around 1990, several reviews (De Halleux, 1989Hölscher, 1992;Lacroix & Zanghi, 1990) collectively found 41 greenhouse models published over a period of nearly 30 years, from 1958to 1986(Von Zabeltitz, 1999. This list has since grown tremendously, with several recent reviews (Choab et al, 2019;Golzar et al, 2018;Iddio et al, 2020;Lopez-Cruz et al, 2018;Taki et al, 2018) collectively listing over 150 greenhouse models, more than 70 of them developed in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy saving by LED lighting in greenhouses : A process-based modelling approach

Katzin¹

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Chapter 2 investigates the discipline of process-based greenhouse modelling. The chapter shows that a considerable number of greenhouse models are being published, and sets out to understand the reasons for the existence of this multitude of models. In Section 2.2, substantial background on the concept of process-based greenhouse modelling is provided, and a general structure of these models is proposed. Subsequently, modelling studies published between 2018 and 2020 are analyzed according to this general structure. The studies are categorized according to their objectives, types of greenhouse they describe, and equipment they consider, and a model inheritance chart is presented, showing how current models are based on earlier works. Moreover, a comparison of modelling validation studies is performed. Based on this analysis, possible reasons for the abundance of greenhouse models are suggested, including a lack of model transparency and code availability, and a belief that model development is in itself a valuable research goal. The chapter ends with several recommendations for the future advancement of the discipline. These include promoting model transparency and availability of source code, and establishing shared datasets and evaluation benchmarks.Chapter 3 presents GreenLight, a process-based model for a greenhouse with a tomato crop, which describes the influence of HPS lamps and LEDs on the climate, crop, and energy use. In this chapter, GreenLight's performance is evaluated by comparing model predictions against data from two greenhouse compartments, one with HPS lamps and one with LEDs. The model is found to have a relative error in predictions of climate and energy use in the range of 1-12%. In order to promote transparency, the model is offered in an open source format at https://github.com/davkat1/GreenLight. In this way, the model is made available for inspection and extension by others.Chapter 4 uses GreenLight to predict the influence of replacing HPS lamps by LEDs in a greenhouse. A wide range of scenarios is considered, including varying climates, from subtropical China to arctic Sweden, and multiple settings for indoor temperature, lamp intensity, lighting duration, and insulation. In all scenarios, LEDs are found to reduce the energy demand for lighting by 40%, but to increase the demand for heating. This results in the total energy saving by transition to LEDs to be in the range of 10-25% for the majority of scenarios considered. An important factor influencing how much energy can be saved by a transition to LEDs is found to be the ratio between the lighting and heating demand of the greenhouse before the transition. Summary xiiiChapter 5 presents a novel concept for greenhouse climate control: heating a greenhouse by light. Considering the observation that all lamps provide heat as well as light, this chapter suggests that illuminating at high light intensities could eliminate the need to heat the greenhouse by the heating system. This approach could potentially be very efficient, as it utili...

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A novel integrated framework to evaluate greenhouse energy demand and crop yield production

Cited by 67 publications

References 62 publications

Symbiosis opportunities between food and energy system: The potential of manure‐based biogas as heating source for greenhouse production

Symbiosis opportunities between food and energy system: The potential of manure‐based biogas as heating source for greenhouse production

Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities

Energy saving by LED lighting in greenhouses : A process-based modelling approach

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