A novel injectable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering using adipose‐derived adult stem cells

Abstract

Articular cartilage has a limited self-regenerative capacity. Thus, treatment of cartilage lesions is a major challenge. Tissue engineering using a variety of biomaterials is a promising solution to the problem of cartilage damage. In this in vitro study, we investigated the effect of the presence of cartilage-tissue chondroitin-sulfate (CS) in a fibrin scaffold on the differentiation of adipose-derived adult stem cells (ADAS cells) into chondrocytes. Isolated rabbit ADAS cells were cultured in fibrin matrices with and without CS for up to 14 days. ADAS cells differentiated into chondrocytes in both matrices, but cell proliferation, glycoaminoglycans content, and type II collagen expression were significantly higher in the fibrin-CS matrices than those in the fibrin matrices alone. Histological examination and scanning electronic microscopy revealed the fibrin-CS matrices exceeded in inducing differentiation of ADAS cells into chondrocytes in terms of tissue morphological characteristics. We concluded that the fibrin-CS matrices mimicking native cartilage extracellular matrix could act as a three-dimensional scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering and have the potential for promoting ADAS cells differentiation into chondrocytes. ß

Anatomically shaped tissue-engineered cartilage with tunable and inducible anticytokine delivery for biological joint resurfacing

“…In accordance with previous studies demonstrating the chondrogenic potential of ASCs (46)(47)(48), the ECM produced by ASCs seeded within the large PCL hemispheres stained positively for cartilage-specific macromolecules, which accumulated on all scaffolds over time (Fig. 3).…”

Adipogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Within Three-Dimensional Hollow Fiber-Based Bioreactors

“…3 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 4 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. et al evaluated the effect of ASCs in the treatment of induced tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses and observed increased perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, fibroblastic density, and qualitative healing improvement of tendon extracellular matrix.…”

“…Adipose tissue may be harvested from patients in a minimally invasive manner and provides a large quantity of autologous cells. 4 Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) derived from discarded human adipose tissue have many properties such as immunocompatibility and multipotency, rendering the cells ideal for regenerative medicine applications, such as cartilage, bone, soft tissue, and nerve repair. 5 Further, MSCs derived from adipose tissue possess the highest proliferation and differentiation potential, followed by MSCs derived from bone marrow and cartilage.…”

Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Adult Stem Cells by a Porous Scaffold Derived from Native Articular Cartilage Extracellular Matrix

“…36,45,48,49 As an alternative source of chondrogenic progenitor cells, adult stem cells derived from a variety of tissues have been investigated for cartilage tissue engineering. [50][51][52][53] In particular, recent studies have shown the presence of an abundant source of multipotent adult stem cells that are easily accessible from subcutaneous adipose tissue via liposuction and are capable of chondrogenesis. 54,55 During in vitro expansion, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can maintain a stable undifferentiated status without change in telomerase activity over nine passages, 56 suggesting that these cells can be expanded as an abundant cell source without loss of multipotency.…”