A novel incompatibility group X3 plasmid carrying<i>bla</i><sub>NDM-1</sub>encodes a small RNA that regulates host fucose metabolism and biofilm formation

Huang, Chuan; Liu, Liangzhe; Kong, Hoi-Kuan; Law, Carmen O. K.; Hoa, Pham Quynh; Ho, Pak‐Leung; Lau, Terrence Chi-Kong

doi:10.1080/15476286.2020.1780040

“…The movement experiment showed that carrying the bla NDM-1 gene attenuates the movement diameter of E. cloacae , which is consistent with the results of previous study [19], suggesting that the bla NDM-1 gene may affect the motility of bacterial, but does not sufficiently indicate that the bla NDM-1 gene may affect bacterial virulence. Antibodies and complement components in human whole blood serum can react immunologically with bacteria to destroy them, and therefore bacterial resistance to killing can be detected by serum resistance test.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Antimicrobial resistance, molecular characteristics, virulence and pathogenicity of bla NDM-1-positive Enterobacter cloacae

Wang

¹

,

Dai

²

,

Niu

³

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

0

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Introduction. The bla NDM-1 -positive Enterobacter cloacae has led to limited therapeutic options for clinical treatment. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Analysing the antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of bla NDM-1-positive E. cloacae is of great significance. Meanwhile, the effect of the bla NDM-1 gene on the virulence and pathogenicity of E. cloacae remains unclear and should be assessed. Aim. To understand bla NDM-1-positive E. cloacae from different perspectives. Methodology. The PCR was used to screen bla NDM-1-positive E. cloacae , then, antimicrobial susceptibility tests and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on them; sixty-nine strains of bla NDM-1-negative E. cloacae were collected as the controls, 28 pairs of virulence-related genes' carriage and biofilm-forming ability were detected for preliminary evaluation of the virulence phenotype of the strains; to gain insight into the effect of the bla NDM-1 gene on the virulence and pathogenicity of E. cloacae , the bla NDM-1-positive E. cloacae T2 (NDM-1), the T2 bla NDM-1 knockout strain (ΔNDM-1) and ATCC13047 (ST) were studied, compared the motility, anti-serum killing ability, and virulence to cells. Then, the mice intraperitoneal infection model was established, the survival curve, histopathological characteristics, bacterial load in spleen and the contents of cytokines were compared. Results. (1) Thirty-five bla NDM-1-positive E. cloacae exhibited multidrug resistance. MLST distinguished 12 STs, ST74 was the most common clonal type (11/35), followed by ST114 (10/35). (2) The detection rates of virulence genes clpB, icmf, VasD/Lip and acrA in the bla NDM-1-positive E. cloacae were significantly higher than those in bla NDM-1-negative E. cloacae (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the amount of biofilm formation between two groups. (3) The presence of bla NDM-1 gene attenuated the motility diameter of E. cloacae , but had no significant effect on their ability to resist serum killing, and the virulence to cells. The survival rate, histopathological changes, bacterial load in spleen and inflammatory cytokines were not significantly affected. Conclusions. (1) The bla NDM-1-positive E. cloacae exhibited multidrug resistance, and the MLST typing was mainly ST74 and ST114, with a small-scale clonal spread of the ST114 strain in the hospital NICU ward. (2) The bla NDM-1 gene did not affect the virulence and pathogenicity of E. cloacae .

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“…A study using the typical IncX3 plasmid pNDM-HN380 suggests that the IncX3 plasmid affected the motility of the host in addition to conferring multiple antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the plasmid-encoded new sRNA IGR plas2 can influence fucose metabolism and biofilm formation to increase strain survival in a competitive environment ( Huang et al, 2020 ). To our understanding, plasmids carrying resistance genes in strains impose fitness costs on their hosts in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure ( Andersson and Hughes, 2010 ).…”

Section: Structural Characteristics Of Incx3 Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence, characteristics, and future prospects of IncX3 plasmids: A review

Guo

¹

,

Chen

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2022

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IncX3 plasmids are narrow host range plasmids mostly found in Enterobacteriaceae with great conjugation ability, high stability, no fitness cost, and the ability to improve biofilm formation in their bacterial hosts. IncX3 plasmids have spread swiftly, primarily in several nations and among different species over the last 10 years. blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaOXA-181 are the carbapenemase genes carried by IncX3 plasmids. Among them, blaNDM is often located on the IncX3 plasmid, which is deemed as the primary vehicle of blaNDM transmission. Isolates harboring IncX3 plasmids are found in nations all over the world from human, animal, and environmental sources. Cointegrate plasmids related to IncX3 have recently been discovered to increase the antibiotic resistance spectrum and potentially broaden the host range of plasmids, restricting the use of antibiotics in the clinic. There are, however, few reviews based on the physiological and epidemiological properties of IncX3 plasmid, as well as studies on the plasmid itself. Hence, we conducted a retrospective literature review to summarize the characteristics of IncX3 plasmids aiming to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the global prevalence of IncX3 plasmids and directions for further research on the functions of the related genes on the IncX3 plasmid.

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“…Plasmid acquisition is often associated with reduced bacterial motility, sometimes caused by plasmid-mediated downregulation of the flagellar complex [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 43 , 44 ]. Cell-to-cell contact is vital for successful conjugation [ 41 ], and thus reduced motility may increase the likelihood that bacterial cells remain in contact long enough for the plasmid to undergo conjugation [ 45 ], thus potentially enhancing the horizontal transmission of the plasmid.…”

Section: Linking Altered Expression Of Bacterial Functions To Plasmid Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do plasmids manipulate the expression of bacterial phenotypes?

Billane

¹

,

Harrison

²

,

Cameron

³

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Conjugative plasmids play an important role in bacterial evolution by transferring niche-adaptive traits between lineages, thus driving adaptation and genome diversification. It is increasingly clear, however, that in addition to this evolutionary role, plasmids also manipulate the expression of a broad range of bacterial phenotypes. In this review, we argue that the effects that plasmids have on the expression of bacterial phenotypes may often represent plasmid adaptations, rather than mere deleterious side effects. We begin by summarizing findings from untargeted omics analyses, which give a picture of the global effects of plasmid acquisition on host cells. Thereafter, because many plasmids are capable of both vertical and horizontal transmission, we distinguish plasmid-mediated phenotypic effects into two main classes based upon their potential fitness benefit to plasmids: (i) those that promote the competitiveness of the host cell in a given niche and thereby increase plasmid vertical transmission, and (ii) those that promote plasmid conjugation and thereby increase plasmid horizontal transmission. Far from being mere vehicles for gene exchange, we propose that plasmids often act as sophisticated genetic parasites capable of manipulating their bacterial hosts for their own benefit. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The secret lives of microbial mobile genetic elements’.

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A novel incompatibility group X3 plasmid carryingbla_NDM-1encodes a small RNA that regulates host fucose metabolism and biofilm formation

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Antimicrobial resistance, molecular characteristics, virulence and pathogenicity of bla NDM-1-positive Enterobacter cloacae

Antimicrobial resistance, molecular characteristics, virulence and pathogenicity of bla NDM-1-positive Enterobacter cloacae

Global prevalence, characteristics, and future prospects of IncX3 plasmids: A review

Why do plasmids manipulate the expression of bacterial phenotypes?

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A novel incompatibility group X3 plasmid carryingblaNDM-1encodes a small RNA that regulates host fucose metabolism and biofilm formation

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Antimicrobial resistance, molecular characteristics, virulence and pathogenicity of bla NDM-1-positive Enterobacter cloacae

Antimicrobial resistance, molecular characteristics, virulence and pathogenicity of bla NDM-1-positive Enterobacter cloacae

Global prevalence, characteristics, and future prospects of IncX3 plasmids: A review

Why do plasmids manipulate the expression of bacterial phenotypes?

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Product

Resources

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A novel incompatibility group X3 plasmid carryingbla_NDM-1encodes a small RNA that regulates host fucose metabolism and biofilm formation