Abstract:To evaluate the effects of contaminants or nutrient limitation in natural waters, it is often desirable to perform controlled exposures of organisms. While in situ exposures are routine for caged organisms or macrophytes, they are extremely difficult to perform for microorganisms, mainly due to difficulties in designing an exposure device that isolates the cells while allowing rapid equilibration with the external media. In this paper, a stirred underwater biouptake system (SUBS) based on the diffusion of chem… Show more
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