A Novel ICP Torch with Conical Geometry

Fast and High‐Throughput Synthesis of Medium‐ and High‐Entropy Alloys Using Radio Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasma

“…The power of the RF‐ICP was set to 1100 W; argon was used as the working gas; the working distance between the crucible and the RF‐ICP torch was 10 mm. As simulated using the ANSYS‐Fluent, [ 26 ] the maximum temperature provided by the RF‐ICP can theoretically reach up to 5000–8000 K near the crucible surface. Figure 6b shows the RF‐ICP synthesis process of HEAs using mixed pure metal powders (purity 99.9%, ST‐NANO).…”

“…The radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (RF‐ICP) provides a plasma source, in which RF current is passed through a load coil to generate an intense electromagnetic field inside the torch and ionize the gas. [ 25 ] Similar to the arc melting, such a technique features an extremely high processing temperature (up to 5000–8000 K) and heating/cooling rates up to 10 5 K s −1 , [ 26 ] providing a high‐efficiency alternative for MEA/HEA synthesis. In addition, it provides further unique fabrication conditions beyond the conventional methods: [ 27 ] 1) the RF plasma provides a larger volume (≈ a few centimeters in diameter) of hot temperature region (>5000 K) ensuring homogenous mixing; 2) unlike the free burning arc, the plasma is further stabilized by gas dynamics with the absence of arc instability (e.g., restriking, arc spot movements), thereby improving controllability; 3) its electrodeless design minimizes the contamination of the fabricated samples from electrode erosion and is also maintenance free; 4) any kind of precursor in different physical forms or chemical compositions (e.g., nonconductive elements) can be used because precursors do not serve as an electrode; 5) the plasma jet forms a natural shroud gas around the sample that minimizes the entrainment of surrounding air, therefore allowing its operation in an open space obviating the necessity of a vacuum chamber.…”

Recent development of new inductively coupled thermal plasmas for materials processing

“…Recently, a new ICTP torch with conical geometry has been developed for use as an analytic ICP torch. This unique conical shaped torch has higher excitation temperature, which is useful for multielement detection [52].…”

Analytical performance of the Conical torch in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy operating methanol and 1-propanol solutions

“…2,16 However, most of the approaches are not easy to apply in routine analysis and entail more Recently, a new Conical ICP torch has been presented as an alternative to the conventional (cylindrical) Fassel design. 18,19,20,21 Because of its geometry, the new torch is able to produce a plasma with 4 times higher power density (leading to higher excitation/rotational temperature, higher electron density, and higher robustness) compared with that generated with the Fassel torch, while consuming 50 to 70% less argon and up to 800 W less power. 18,19,20 Despite operating at lower argon flow and r.f.…”

“…18,19,20,21 Because of its geometry, the new torch is able to produce a plasma with 4 times higher power density (leading to higher excitation/rotational temperature, higher electron density, and higher robustness) compared with that generated with the Fassel torch, while consuming 50 to 70% less argon and up to 800 W less power. 18,19,20 Despite operating at lower argon flow and r.f. plasma power, the Conical torch shows comparable figures-of-merit and lower Na-based matrix effects than those of the Fassel torch in both axially-and radially-viewed ICP-OES.…”