A Novel In Vitro Technique for Assessing Dental Implant Osseointegration

Abstract

By definition, osseointegration means close contact between bone and implant. Bone response is related to implant surface properties. Various surfaces have been studied and applied to improve the biological properties of the implant and thereby favor the mechanism of osseointegration. This strategy aims to promote osseointegration by means of a faster and stronger bone formation, improving stability during the healing process, and thus allowing for earlier loading of the implant. Dental implant osseointegration has so far been studied in various animal models. The development of a method based on tissue engineering for assessing the osseointegration process in vitro could prove a valid biomimetic alternative to sacrificing animals. In this study, flat cylindrical dental implants with moderately rough surfaces and machined implants were set in bovine bone blocks. Then, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were three dimensionally cultured onto these blocks in osteo-endothelial medium for up to 30 days to mimic the osseointegration process in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gene expression were used to examine stem cell commitment. Mechanical pull-out tests were also performed. SEM analysis identified cells with an osteoblast morphology adhering to the surface of the implants after their removal. Gene expression analysis showed that ADSCs seeded onto the bone blocks were able to express osteoblast and endothelial markers. The implants with the moderately rough surface generated higher pull-out strengths when compared with the machined implants. Nevertheless, the pull-out test values were higher for implants placed in bone blocks with ADSCs than for those set in scaffolds without stem cells. Our results demonstrate the validity of the method adopted and its potential for use in the in vitro assessment of the biological behavior of dental implant surfaces.

Bovine pericardium membrane as new tool for mesenchymal stem cells commitment

“…Membrane squares (1 × 1 cm) were positioned on the bottom of 24‐well plates with the rough side facing upwards, and 5 × 10 4 human viable cells have been seeded on each of them. The viable cells were counted by the trypan blue exclusion test (Sivolella et al, ). Briefly, ADSCs were detached with a solution of 0.25% trypsin and 0.02% EDTA (EuroClone) and then pelleted.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Liver Disease

“…Human adipose tissue was processed as previously described [80]; canine biopsies followed the same procedure. Briefly, tissues were washed with PBS (EuroClone, Milan, Italy), minced, and digested with 0.075% collagenase type II from Clostridium histolyticum (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) in Hanks’ balanced salts solution (HBSS; EuroClone) for 3 h at room temperature (RT) with shaking.…”

A biomimetic engineered bone platform for advanced testing of prosthetic implants

“…4c). Previous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between the presence of mineral deposits in the peri-implant region and the strength of the bone-implant interaction 55,56 , providing strong evidence that the higher mineral content in Ti samples directly correlates with the higher tissue-implant interaction strength. Collectively, these results are consistent with preclinical and clinical studies, showing that Ti implants form a direct anchorage to bone, while SS implants connect to the tissue via a continuous cell layer 17 .…”