A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL2C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

Abstract

The conventional resonant inductor–inductor–capacitor (L2C) DC–DC converters have the major drawbacks of poor regulation, improper current sharing, load current ripples, conduction losses, and limiting the power levels to operate at higher loads for electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. To address the issues of the L2C converter, this paper proposes an interleaved inductor–inductor–capacitor (iL2C) full-bridge (FB) DC–DC converter as an EV charger with wide input voltage conditions. It comprises two L2C converters operating in parallel on the primary side with 8-GaN switches and maintains the single rectifier circuit on the secondary side as common. Further, it introduces the hybrid control strategy called variable frequency + phase shift modulation (VFPSM) technique for iL2C with a constant voltage charging mode operation. The design requirements, modeling, dynamic responses, and operation of an iL2C converter with a controller are discussed. The analysis of the proposed concept designed and simulated with an input voltage of 400 Vin at a load voltage of 48 V0 presented at different load conditions, i.e., full load (3.3 kW), half load (1.65 kW), and light load (330 W). The dynamic performances of the converter during line and load regulations are presented at assorted input voltages. In addition, to analyze the controller and converter performance, the concept was validated experimentally for wide input voltage applications of 300–500 Vin with a desired output of 48 V0 at full load condition, i.e., 3.3 kW and the practical efficiency of the iL2C converter was 98.2% at full load.

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An industrial design of 400 V – 48 V, 98.2% peak efficient charger using E‐mode GaN technology with wide operating ranges for xEV applications

“…The iL 2 C resonant DC–DC converter topology is shown in Figure 2 and key identical waveforms are presented in Figure 3. It comprises of two resonant tanks, switching circuits with a single diode rectifier circuit at primary and secondary side, respectively 21 . It operates using phase shift angle of 180 0 with a phase difference between the gate signals of two converters, The converter resonant frequency is defined in Equation (1), moreover the two converters operation is similar all over the operation, hence the equations are discussed for converter—1 with resonant network—1. $$$$ {f}_r=\frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{{L_r}^{\ast }{C}_r}} $$$$ …”

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