A Novel Hybrid Amplitude Modulated/Frequency Modulated Halftoning Based on Multilevel Halftoning

Gooran, Sasan

doi:10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.(2006)50:2(157)

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As opposite to AM, the size of the halftone elements in FM halftoning is constant. The advantages of FM are fine detail reproduction, due to small size halftone elements, and the ability to reproduce very light areas (Gooran 2006). On the other hand, some printing techniques are not suitable for FM halftoning, as it is the instance with printers using electrophotographic (EP) technology, due to their incapacity of stably rendering isolated dots (Goyal et al 2011).…”

Section: Figure 34: Am Halftoned Image (30 Lpi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Halftoning for Multi-Channel Printing : Algorithm Development, Implementation and Verification

Elias¹

2014

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Section: Figure 34: Am Halftoned Image (30 Lpi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Halftoning for Multi-Channel Printing : Algorithm Development, Implementation and Verification

Elias¹

2014

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“…A multilevel halftoning approach introduced in (Gooran 2006) has been implemented in this chapter for a multi-channel printing setup. The implementation was performed for the primary inks and their lighter versions -light cyan and cyan, light magenta and magenta, and photo gray, gray and black.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The way to ensure the ink limits are not exceeded is by controlling the placement of the halftone dots. In the multilevel halftoning algorithm described in Gooran (2006) it is possible to halftone an image in a way that is printed using multiple inks of same (similar) hue with no ink overlap. The specific details of this halftoning algorithm are described in Chapter 5, together with the implementation results.…”

Section: Multilevel Halftoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multilevel halftoning algorithm described in Gooran (2006) operates by first separating an image into different regions, then halftoning them simultaneously using a bilevel halftoning algorithm, and finally merging them in the post-processing step. This specific instance of multilevel algorithm is used in the research described in Chapters 5 -7.…”

Section: Multilevel Halftoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard deviation of the color fluctuations of halftones, passed through S-CIELAB filtering, has been used as a graininess metric (Son et al, 2003, 2006, Ortiz Segovia et al, 2012.…”

Section: Graininessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving image quality in multi-channel printing - multilevel halftoning, color separation and graininess characterization

Elias¹

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Color printing is traditionally achieved by separating an input image into four channels (CMYK) and binarizing them using halftoning algorithms, in order to designate the locations of ink droplet placement. Multi-channel printing means a reproduction that employs additional inks other than these four in order to augment the color gamut (scope of reproducible colors) and reduce undesirable ink droplet visibility, so-called graininess.One aim of this dissertation has been to characterize a print setup in which both the primary inks CMYK and their light versions are used.The presented approach groups the inks, forming subsets, each representing a channel that is reproduced with multiple inks. To halftone the separated channels in the present methodology, a specific multilevel halftoning algorithm is employed, halftoning each channel to multiple levels. This algorithm performs the binarization from the ink subsets to each separate colorant. Consequently, the print characterization complexity remains unaltered when employing the light inks, avoiding the normal increase in computational complexity, the one-to-many mapping problem and the increase in the number of training samples. The results show that the reproduction is visually improved in terms of graininess and detail enhancement.The secondary color inks RGB are added in multi-channel printing to increase the color gamut. Utilizing them, however, potentially increases v the perceived graininess. Moreover, employing the primary, secondary and light inks means a color separation from a three-channel CIELAB space into a multi-channel colorant space, resulting in colorimetric redundancy in which multiple ink combinations can reproduce the same target color. To address this, a proposed cost function is incorporated in the color separation approach, weighting selected factors that influence the reproduced image quality, i.e. graininess and color accuracy, in order to select the optimal ink combination. The perceived graininess is modeled by employing S-CIELAB, a spatial low-pass filtering mimicking the human visual system. By applying the filtering to a large dataset, a generalized prediction that quantifies the perceived graininess is carried out and incorporated as a criterion in the color separation.Consequently, the presented research increases the understanding of color reproduction and image quality in multi-channel printing, provides concrete solutions to challenges in the practical implementation, and rises the possibilities to fully utilize the potential in multi-channel printing for superior image quality.

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From Grayscale Photopolymerization 3D Printing to Functionally Graded Materials

Fei,

Parra‐Cabrera,

Zhong

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have spatial variations in structure or composition that result in gradients in their mechanical, thermal, swelling, or other properties. FGMs have garnered significant research interest because of their extensive applications in areas such as biomedical implants, sensors, and soft robotics. Recently, grayscale photopolymerization 3D printing has emerged as a promising technology for crafting complex and high‐resolution FGMs. This comprehensive work delves into various grayscale photopolymerization 3D printing techniques, offering insights into their ability to precisely control printing exposure energy and polymerization degree, which in turn influence material properties. Furthermore, this work highlights diverse applications of grayscale vat‐photopolymerization 3D printing. Finally, it offers perspectives on ways to enhance grayscale photopolymerization 3D printing, with a focus on improving printing feedstocks and grayscale strategies.

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A Novel Hybrid Amplitude Modulated/Frequency Modulated Halftoning Based on Multilevel Halftoning

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Halftoning for Multi-Channel Printing : Algorithm Development, Implementation and Verification

Halftoning for Multi-Channel Printing : Algorithm Development, Implementation and Verification

Improving image quality in multi-channel printing - multilevel halftoning, color separation and graininess characterization

From Grayscale Photopolymerization 3D Printing to Functionally Graded Materials

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