A novel humidity resisting and wind direction adapting flag-type triboelectric nanogenerator for wind energy harvesting and speed sensing

A universal managing circuit with stabilized voltage for maintaining safe operation of self-powered electronics system

“…An environmental sensor system based on flexible LS-TENGs is exhibited in Figure 5 B, which is consisted of three parts: TENGs, universal managing circuit, and BLE sensor beacon. The TENG is a typical leaf-shaped device with six strips made by a PTFE film, Cu foil, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, while the detailed design concept can be found in the previous studies ( Ren et al., 2020a , 2020b ; Zheng et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2020a , 2020b , 2020c ; Xu et al., 2020 ). The contact-separation motions of six strips orderly can harvest environmental wind energy ( Ren et al., 2019 ; Zhang et al., 2016 ).…”

“…First proposed by Wang Group in 2012 ( Fan et al., 2012 ), the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG, also called Wang generator), which can convert all kinds of mechanical energy into electricity, has so far been applied in many fields, including the exploitation of ocean wave energy ( Liang et al., 2020a , 2020b , 2020c ), harvesting human motions energy ( Zhao and You, 2014 ; Ren et al., 2020a , 2020b ; Miao et al., 2019 ), and even heartbeat energy ( Ouyang et al., 2019 ; Liu et al., 2019a , 2019b ). Driven by the Maxwell's displacement current, TENGs have significant high-voltage output, which can reach thousands of volts, while the current output of TENGs is very low within the microampere level, and the internal resistance is very large within the megohm level ( Wang et al., 2020a , 2020b , 2020c ; Liu et al., 2019a , 2019b ; Xia et al., 2019 ; Zi et al., 2016a , 2016b ; Li et al., 2020a , 2020b ; Mao et al., 2017 ). Accordingly, an effective and safe energy managing system is quite necessary for TENG devices.…”

“…The working voltage and impedance of electronic device and energy storage unit are relatively low, which cannot match with the high voltage and internal resistance of TENGs, and thus, it is not possible to directly use TENGs as a power source for the electronic system ( Harmon et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2020a , 2020b , 2020c ; Xia et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2018 ). Meanwhile, mechanical energies in environment usually come from random mechanical motions, and the output signal from the TENGs has pulsed waveform with random amplitude and frequency.…”

A Triboelectric‐Nanogenerator‐Based Gas–Solid Two‐Phase Flow Sensor for Pneumatic Conveying System Detecting

“…In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction has been developed for energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. [ 13–23 ] The electrostatic charges are generated on the surfaces of two dissimilar materials when they are brought into contact. The contact‐induced triboelectric charges can generate a potential drop when the two materials are separated, which can drive electrons to flow between the two electrodes built on each surface.…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to explore new gas-solid two-phase flow techniques with robust and high durability performance.In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction has been developed for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The electrostatic charges are generated on the surfaces of two dissimilar materials when they are brought intoThe particle concentration and the mass flow rate are the most important parameters describing the gas-solid two-phase flow. Herein, a novel method based on triboelectric nanogenerator is proposed for measuring a particle concentration and the mass flow rate in a gas-solid two-phase pipe flow.…”