A novel high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) protection circuit for RF applications

Hao, Ruirong; Zhang, Xiaodong; Gao, Huai; Wu, Haodong; Cheng, Jianchun; Li, G.P.

doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2018.12.005

“…In [10], a high-intensity radiated-field (HIRF) protection circuit utilizing PIN diodes was introduced and subsequently validated through experimental verification. A protection circuit for a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) was designed based on heterojunction bipolar transistors in [11]. A comparison between two types of TVS diodes was conducted in [12], which obtained the relationship between dynamic resistance and input power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design

Ma,

Liu,

Duan

et al. 2023

Electronics

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to analyze the interference mechanisms of indirect lightning effects on a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a circuit model of the LNA was constructed based on the advanced design system 2020 (ADS 2020) software. Lightning pulse injection simulations were conducted to explore the influence of lightning pulses on the performance of the LNA. A pin injection test was performed to investigate the interference and damage threshold of the LNA. A protective circuit incorporating the transient voltage suppressor (TVS) and Darlington structure was designed through simulation, employing the ADS 2020 for the LNA. The research findings reveal that the interference threshold for the LNA is 60 V, while the damage threshold is determined to be 100 V. The protective circuit demonstrates a measured insertion loss of 0.1 dB, a response time of 1.5 ns, and a peak output voltage of 20 V. The research results indicate that the protective circuit can effectively reduce the impact of lightning’s indirect effects on the LNA. In the future, we will continue the design work of the protective circuit and proceed with physical fabrication and experimental validation.

show abstract

“…EMPs can be classified as Nuclear-EMP (NEMP) or Non-Nuclear-EMP (NNEMP), depending on their generation methods. An NEMP occurs through a nuclear explosion, and an NNEMP is generated by other sources than nuclear weapons, such as lightning or HPM sources [8][9][10]. A virtual cathode oscillator (Vircator) is one of the HPM devices used in HPEM studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Optimum Diameter of the Ring Reflector for an Axial Virtual Cathode Oscillator

Kim

¹

,

Kim

²

,

Ko

³

2022

Electronics

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The optimum hole diameter of a ring reflector was experimentally investigated using an axial virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) to enhance its microwave power. The ring reflector enhances the microwave power from the axial vircator by forming a cavity. The ring reflector was installed 9 mm behind the anode. The optimum hole diameter of the ring reflector was analyzed through simulations and experiments by changing the diameter from 60 mm to 160. PIC simulations show that the maximum peak microwave power was generated when the hole diameter was 116 mm and enhanced by 210%. The experiments show similar results to the simulations. The largest peak maximum power was 23.67 MW when the hole diameter was 120 mm. The simulations show that the dominant microwave frequency was formed between 5.33 GHz and 6.7 GHz. The experiments show that the dominant microwave frequency was formed between 5.3 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The frequency trend was approximately similar to that of the simulation results. However, the trend depending on the hole diameter was not as obvious as in the simulations. Although the frequency change was not as clear as in the simulations, experiments show that the hole diameter of the ring reflector affects the vircator operation.

show abstract

“…Moreover, the protection of modern IEDs used in high-speed communication technologies against EMP produced by natural sources such as lightning [9] is still particularly important. Various measures are used for the protection of these electronic devices such as surge protectors [10,11], modular attachment kits using Faraday cages [12] or EMP shields [13]. 'Front door' protection is the most difficult, because this part of such communication systems is itself highly vulnerable to EMP attack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting protector against electromagnetic pulses based on YBCO film prepared on an Al₂O₃ substrate with a CeO₂ sublayer

Vertelis¹,

Stankevič²,

Balevičius³

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The electric and magnetic properties of microbridges made from 440 nm thick Y–Ba–Cu–O films prepared on Al2O3 substrates with CeO2 sublayers by the pulsed injection metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method were studied in temperatures ranging from 20 K to 300 K in order to investigate the possibilities of using these microbridges as fast fault current limiters. The application of an external magnetic field ( B ex ) causes the flux flow induced magneto-resistive effect, which is proportional to B ex and to B ex 1 / 2 at low and high temperatures, respectively. The experimentally obtained S-shaped I–V characteristic and the change of the microbridge resistance over time when affected by a step-like magnetic field can be well explained using a thermo-electrical model based on Joule heating and the flux flow nature of the resistive state (RS). The transition from the superconducting to the RS, studied using ns duration rectangular waveform electrical pulses able to create up to ≈2106 A cm−2 current densities without rises of microbridge temperatures, demonstrated that the I–V characteristics of the RSs consisting of an assembly of straight lines corresponding to the different pinning centers. At temperatures close to the critical temperature of superconductivity, the number of these lines increases, and the I–V characteristics can be described with high accuracy by a power law. It was concluded that microbridges made from these films can be used as protectors against complicated waveform electromagnetic pulses having short rise times, high voltage peak amplitudes and long low-value over-current ‘tails’.

show abstract

A novel high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) protection circuit for RF applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design

Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design

Investigation of the Optimum Diameter of the Ring Reflector for an Axial Virtual Cathode Oscillator

Superconducting protector against electromagnetic pulses based on YBCO film prepared on an Al₂O₃ substrate with a CeO₂ sublayer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A novel high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) protection circuit for RF applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design

Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design

Investigation of the Optimum Diameter of the Ring Reflector for an Axial Virtual Cathode Oscillator

Superconducting protector against electromagnetic pulses based on YBCO film prepared on an Al2O3 substrate with a CeO2 sublayer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Superconducting protector against electromagnetic pulses based on YBCO film prepared on an Al₂O₃ substrate with a CeO₂ sublayer