A novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype D10 circulating in Ethiopia

Hundie, Gadissa Bedada; Raj, V. Stalin; Michael, D. Gebre; Pas, Suzan D.; Osterhaus, A. D. M. E.; Smits, Saskia L.; Haagmans, Bart L.

doi:10.1111/jvh.12631

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It has the shortest genome (3,182 nt) and is characterized by a 33 nt deletion at the beginning of the pre-S1 region. Ten subgenotypes (D1 to D10) have been described to date [11, 17], with further corrections and novel classifications of HBV/D subgenotypes reported elsewhere [11, 16, 18, 19]. Relative to HBV/A, HBV/D is associated with poorer clinical outcomes for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and lower response to interferon alpha [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotype D in the Americas

et al. 2019

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D (HBV/D) is globally widespread, and ten subgenotypes (D1 to D10) showing distinct geographic distributions have been described to date. The evolutionary history of HBV/D and its subgenotypes, for which few complete genome sequences are available, in the Americas is not well understood. The main objective of the current study was to determine the full-length genomic sequences of HBV/D isolates from Brazil and frequency, origin and spread of HBV/D subgenotypes in the Americas. Complete HBV/D genomes isolated from 39 Brazilian patients infected with subgenotypes D1 (n = 1), D2 (n = 10), D3 (n = 27), and D4 (n = 1) were sequenced and analyzed together with reference sequences using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework. A search for HBV/D sequences available in GenBank revealed 209 complete and 926 partial genomes from American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, Martinique, Mexico, USA and Venezuela), with the major circulating subgenotypes identified as D1 (26%), D2 (17%), D3 (36%), D4 (21%), and D7 (1%) within the continent. The detailed evolutionary history of HBV/D in the Americas was investigated by using different evolutionary time scales. Spatiotemporal reconstruction analyses using short-term substitution rates suggested times of the most recent common ancestor for the American HBV/D subgenotypes coincident with mass migratory movements to Americas during the 19 th and 20 th centuries. In particular, significant linkages between Argentina and Syria (D1), Brazil and Central/Eastern Europe (D2), USA and India (D2), and Brazil and Southern Europe (D3) were estimated, consistent with historical and epidemiological data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotype D in the Americas

et al. 2019

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“…Genotype D is the most widespread, with ten subgenotypes, D1-D10, described so far [ 18 , 33 ]. HBV/D4 is dominant in Oceania [ 24 ] and Cuba [ 34 ] and has also been found in Haiti, Brazil, Morocco, Rwanda, Somalia, Kenya and Ghana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus genotypes A1, A2 and E in Cape Verde: Unequal distribution through the islands and association with human flows

et al. 2018

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) diversity has not been previously studied in Cape Verde. The archipelago was discovered in 1460 by Portuguese explorers, who brought African slaves to colonise the islands. In this study, we investigated the HBV characteristics from 183 HBsAg-positive Cape Verdean individuals. Phylogenetic analysis of the pre-S/S region and the full-length genomes revealed 54 isolates with HBV/A1 (57%), 21 with HBV/A2 (22%), 19 with HBV/E (20%), and one with HBV/D (1%). HBV genotypes and subgenotypes were unequally distributed through the islands. In São Vicente, the main northern island, most isolates (84%) belonged to the African-originated HBV/A1, with the remaining isolates belonging to HBV/A2, which is prevalent in Europe. Interestingly, the HBV/A1 isolates from São Vicente were closely related to Brazilian sequences into the Asian-American clade, which suggests the dissemination of common African ancestors through slave trade. In contrast, in Santiago and nearby southern islands, where a recent influx from different populations circulates, a higher diversity of HBV was observed: HBV/A1 (40%); HBV/E (32%); HBV/A2 (28%); and HBV/D (1%). HBV/E is a recent genotype disseminated in Africa that was absent in the era of the slave trade. African and European human flows at different times of the history may explain the HBV diversity in Cape Verde. The possible origin and specifics of each HBV genotype circulating in Cape Verde are discussed.

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“…Unlike hepatitis B virus [42], recombination between genotypes is not a common event in HCV. To date, ten HCV recombinants have been identified worldwide, of which only recombinant 2k/1b was detected multiple times and in different countries [7, 43, 44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus in Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is genetically highly divergent and classified in seven major genotypes and approximately hundred subtypes. These genotypes/subtypes have different geographic distribution and response to antiviral therapy. In Ethiopia, however, little is known about their molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and genetic diversity of HCV genotypes/subtypes in Ethiopia, using 49 HCV RNA positive samples. HCV genotypes and subtypes were determined based on the sequences of the core and the nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) genomic regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the predominant was genotype 4 (77.6%) followed by 2 (12.2%), 1 (8.2%), and 5 (2.0%). Seven subtypes were identified (1b, 1c, 2c, 4d, 4l, 4r and 4v), with 4d (34.7%), 4r (34.7%) and 2c (12.2%) as the most frequent subtypes. Consistent with the presence of these subtypes was the identification of a potential recombinant virus. One strain was typed as genotype 2c in the NS5B region sequence and genotype 4d in the core region. In conclusion, genotype 4 HCV viruses, subtypes 4d and 4r, are most prevalent in Ethiopia. This genotype is considered to be difficult to treat, thus, our finding has an important impact on the development of treatment strategies and patient management in Ethiopia.

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A novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype D10 circulating in Ethiopia

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Reconstruction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotype D in the Americas

Reconstruction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotype D in the Americas

Hepatitis B virus genotypes A1, A2 and E in Cape Verde: Unequal distribution through the islands and association with human flows

Genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus in Ethiopia

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