“…Derivative-Free Global Optimization (DFGO) problems that require significant computational resources can be found in a wide range of fields, including robotics (Hauser, 2017;Wang et al, 2020), engineering design (Lin et al, 2022;Kim et al, 2022b), economics (Liu et al, 2022;Kim et al, 2022a), tourism (Liao et al, 2021;Paulavičius et al, 2023), and many others (Floudas et al, 2013;Moret et al, 2016;Grigaitis et al, 2007;. These problems often involve black-box functions that require expensive simulations or experiments for evaluation.…”