A novel gene, phcA from Pseudomonas syringae induces programmed cell death in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

Wichmann, Gale; Sun, Jing; Dementhon, Karine; Glass, N. Louise; Lindow, Steven E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06175.x

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…For example, Pseudomonas fluorescens utilizes secondary metabolites to escape protozoan grazing (34). Recently, Wichmann et al showed that a novel B728a protein induces programmed cell death in Neurospora, which B728a is able to use as a sole nutrient source (80). It would be interesting to explore possible interactions between B728a and other phyllosphere residents and any role that the T6SS might play in these encounters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Kinases RetS and LadS RegulatePseudomonas syringaeType VI Secretion and Virulence Factors

2010

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a is a resident on leaves of common bean, where it utilizes several well-studied virulence factors, including secreted effectors and toxins, to develop a pathogenic interaction with its host. The B728a genome was recently sequenced, revealing the presence of 1,297 genes with unknown function. This study demonstrates that a 29.9-kb cluster of genes in the B728a genome shares homology to the novel type VI secretion system (T6SS) locus recently described for other Gram-negative bacteria. Western blot analyses showed that B728a secretes Hcp, a T6SS protein, in culture and that this secretion is dependent on clpV, a gene that likely encodes an AAA ؉ ATPase. In addition, we have identified two B728a sensor kinases that have homology to the P. aeruginosa proteins RetS and LadS. We demonstrate that B728a RetS and LadS reciprocally regulate the T6SS and collectively modulate several virulence-related activities. Quantitative PCR analyses indicated that RetS and LadS regulate genes associated with the type III secretion system and that LadS controls the expression of genes involved in the production of the exopolysaccharides alginate and levan. These analyses also revealed that LadS and the hybrid sensor kinase GacS positively regulate the expression of a putative novel exopolysaccharide called Psl. Plate assays demonstrated that RetS negatively controls mucoidy, while LadS negatively regulates swarming motility. A mutation in retS affected B728a population levels on the surfaces of bean leaves. A model for the LadS and RetS control of B728a virulence activities is proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Kinases RetS and LadS RegulatePseudomonas syringaeType VI Secretion and Virulence Factors

2010

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“…This was first achieved by using Escherichia coli to transform S. cerevisiae (158,279) but is becoming more widely adopted as a method of fungal transformation, since Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a natural plant genetic engineer, is capable of transforming both S. cerevisiae (55) and a range of filamentous fungi (92,188,294). Interestingly, evidence for natural horizontal gene transfer between bacteria and fungi is also mounting as more genome sequences become available (56, 107,322,343,401,403). Mallet et al (232) found that among all putative lateral gene transfers in Aspergillus fumigatus, the main proportion (40%) were of bacterial origin.…”

Section: Bacterial-fungal Molecular Interactions and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some bacteria, such as the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae B728a, the mushroom pathogen Pseudomonas tolaasii, and some collimonads isolated from sand dunes, have been described as being mycophagous; i.e., they are able to acquire all the nutrients that they need for growth from fungi (90,216,374,403). Since nonphotosynthetic endobacteria are completely enclosed within the fungal hypha, they must also obtain their nutrients solely from the fungal cytoplasm.…”

Section: Bacterial-fungal Molecular Interactions and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

720

531

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SUMMARY Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.

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“…However, vegetative incompatibility involving HET proteins has not been reported in AMF, and thus the role of these proteins in MRE has yet to be resolved. For example, these proteins may facilitate competition against rhizospheric ascomycetes by disrupting their hyphae, similar to the HET-C domain protein in Pseudomonas syringae B728a, which induces fungal cell death (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Minimal genomes of mycoplasma-related endobacteria are plastic and contain host-derived genes for sustained life within Glomeromycota

Naito

Morton

Pawlowska

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) colonize roots of the majority of terrestrial plants. They provide essential minerals to their plant hosts and receive photosynthates in return. All major lineages of AMF harbor endobacteria classified as Mollicutes, and known as mycoplasma-related endobacteria (MRE). Except for their substantial intrahost genetic diversity and ability to transmit vertically, virtually nothing is known about the life history of these endobacteria. To understand MRE biology, we sequenced metagenomes of three MRE populations, each associated with divergent AMF hosts. We found that each AMF species harbored a genetically distinct group of MRE. Despite vertical transmission, all MRE populations showed extensive chromosomal rearrangements, which we attributed to genetic recombination, activity of mobile elements, and a history of plectroviral invasion. The MRE genomes are characterized by a highly reduced gene content, indicating metabolic dependence on the fungal host, with the mechanism of energy production remaining unclear. Several MRE genes encode proteins with domains involved in protein-protein interactions with eukaryotic hosts. In addition, the MRE genomes harbor genes horizontally acquired from AMF. Some of these genes encode small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteases specific to the SUMOylation systems of eukaryotes, which MRE likely use to manipulate their fungal host. The extent of MRE genome plasticity and reduction, along with the large number of horizontally acquired host genes, suggests a high degree of adaptation to the fungal host. These features, together with the ubiquity of the MRE-Glomeromycota associations, emphasize the significance of MRE in the biology of Glomeromycota.genome contraction | genome plasticity | horizontal gene transfer | vertical transmission A rbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota are obligate biotrophs that form mutualistic associations with the roots of the majority of terrestrial plant species (1). AMF provide essential mineral nutrients from the soil to the plant host and receive up to 20% of the plant's photosynthetic energy in return. AMF are emerging as an integral component of sustainable agriculture, with the goal of optimizing mycorrhizal associations in crop plants as an alternative to the use of nonrenewable mineral fertilizers (2).For almost half a century, AMF have been known to harbor morphologically diverse bacteria in their hyphae and spores (3). Recently, representatives of one of these morphotypes have been identified as novel members of the class Mollicutes (4) and are referred to as mycoplasma-related endobacteria (MRE). All Mollicutes are intimate associates of eukaryote hosts (5), acting as parasites or, rarely, as mutualists (6). They are characterized by reductive evolution and minimal genomes. MRE are the first Mollicutes to be found associated with fungi. They reside directly in the host cytoplasm and have been detected in all major lineages of Glomeromycota worldwide (4, 7). Molecular ev...

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A novel gene, phcA from Pseudomonas syringae induces programmed cell death in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

Cited by 38 publications

References 104 publications

Sensor Kinases RetS and LadS RegulatePseudomonas syringaeType VI Secretion and Virulence Factors

Sensor Kinases RetS and LadS RegulatePseudomonas syringaeType VI Secretion and Virulence Factors

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Minimal genomes of mycoplasma-related endobacteria are plastic and contain host-derived genes for sustained life within Glomeromycota

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