A novel gas sensor based on field ionization from ZnO nanowires: moderate working voltage and high stability

Liao, Lei; Lu, Hongbin; Min, Shuai; Li, J C; Liu, Y L; Liu, C; Shen, Zexiang; Yu, Ting

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/17/175501

Cited by 131 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The GIS based on pure ZnO NRS gives the lowest sensitivity for all gases, which is consistent from the literature [17]. However, by adding Pd clusters [17] or using CNTs [15], the sensitivity can be increased significantly. The highest discharge currents were achieved from the Y 0.10 ZO NRs based GIS.…”

Section: Gis Performancessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This result shows that NR morphologies can significantly improve the performance of the GIS. The breakdown voltage is primarily determined by the gas ionization characteristics [17] and is less affected by the gas pressure (Fig. S4B, Supplementary Material).…”

Section: Gis Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a GIS with smaller gap between electrodes, the V bd is less sensitive to the gas pressure, then the V bd becomes unique for a specific gas the highest sensitivity among our tested gases. The literature values from GISs based on ZnO NRs [17], CNTs [15], and Pd capped ZnO NRs [52] are also listed for comparison.…”

Section: Gis Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characteristic ionization energies of gas molecules are used to identify gases, while the amplitude of the ionization current is proportional to the logarithm of the partial pressure of the gas components [15,16]. GISs are ideally used in advanced gas analyzers for chromatography and mass spectrometry or for specific industrial environment [17]. Meanwhile, a GIS could also be used as an non-radioactive, ionization source which could be coupled with mass spectrometers, such as ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GISs with good stability have been achieved with 1D metal oxide nanostructures, including ZnO nanorods (NR) [17], CuO NRs [14] and TiO 2 nanotubes [25]. However, much higher breakdown voltages were required due to lower electrical conductivity, resulting lower discharge current and detection sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An enhanced gas ionization sensor from Y-doped vertically aligned conductive ZnO nanorods

Lee

Fang

Turner

et al. 2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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A stable and highly sensitive gas ionization sensor (GIS) constructed from vertically aligned, conductive yttrium-doped ZnO nanorod (YZO NR) arrays is demonstrated. The conductive YZO NRs are synthesized using a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. At higher Y/Zn molar ratio, the aspect ratio of the YZO NRs is increased from 11 to 25. Doping with yttrium atoms decreases the electrical resistivity of ZnO NRs more than 100 fold. GIS measurements reveal a 6-fold enhancement in the sensitivity accompanied with a significant reduction in breakdown voltage from the highly conductive YZO NRs. Direct correlations between the resistivity of the NRs and GIS characteristics are established. 1 An Enhanced Gas Ionization Sensor from Y-doped Vertically Aligned Conductive ZnO Nanorods AbstractA stable and highly sensitive gas ionization sensor (GIS) constructed from vertically aligned, conductive yttrium-doped ZnO nanorod (YZO NR) arrays is demonstrated. The conductive YZO NRs are synthesized using a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. At higher Y/Zn molar ratio, the aspect ratio of the YZO NRs is increased from 11 to 25. Doping with yttrium atoms decreases the electrical resistivity of ZnO NRs more than 100 fold. GIS measurements reveal a 6-fold enhancement in the sensitivity accompanied with a significant reduction in breakdown voltage from the highly conductive YZO NRs. Direct correlations between the resistivity of the NRs and GIS characteristics are established.

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Section: Gis Performancessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Gis Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gis Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An enhanced gas ionization sensor from Y-doped vertically aligned conductive ZnO nanorods

Lee

Fang

Turner

et al. 2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Increased Interface Strength in Carbon Fiber Composites through a ZnO Nanowire Interphase

Lin

Ehlert

Sodano

2009

Adv Funct Materials

218

178

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One of the most important factors in the design of a fiber reinforced composite is the quality of the fiber/matrix interface. Recently carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide whiskers have been used to enhance the interfacial properties of composites; however, the high growth temperature degrade the fiber strength and significantly reduce the composite's in‐plane properties. Here, a novel method for enhancing the fiber/matrix interfacial strength that does not degrade the mechanical properties of the fiber is demonstrated. The composite is fabricated using low‐temperature solution‐based growth of ZnO nanowires on the surface of the reinforcing fiber. Experimental testing shows the growth does not adversely affect fiber strength, interfacial shear strength can be significantly increased by 113%, and the lamina shear strength and modulus can be increased by 37.8% and 38.8%, respectively. This novel interface could also provide embedded functionality through the piezoelectric and semiconductive properties of ZnO.

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Enhanced Field Ionization Enabled by Metal Induced Surface States on Semiconductor Nanotips

Karaağaç

Islam

2013

Adv Funct Materials

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Recent progress in the realization of material structures with quantum confi nement and high surface to volume ratio in nanoscale interwoven metal and semiconductor building blocks offers a strong potential to build highly functional nanodevices. Ultra-sharp tips with distinct material dependent properties of metal and semiconductor exhibit important functionalities in devices including gas ionization sensors, fi eld emission devices, and ion-mobility spectrometry. Herein, a dramatically enhanced fi eld ionization process and a device based on charged particle beams for which the geometrical and surface properties of the constituent semiconductor nanotips are engineered with controlled introduction of metallic impurities to realize close to three orders of magnitude reduction in the ionization electric-fi eld strength are described. Experimentally observed low voltage fi eld ionization phenomenon is explained using the geometrical fi eld enhancement, surface states induced by controlled introduction of metallic impurities, and polarizabilities of gas particles at the nanotips. The nanotips are employed to design fi eld ionization gas sensors whose nanoscale pristine semiconductor tips are controllably decorated with atomic metal impurities to boost the electron tunneling properties under extremely low bias voltages. These devices also outperform their solid-state macroscopic counterparts in terms of simplicity of their construction and higher selectivity.

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A novel gas sensor based on field ionization from ZnO nanowires: moderate working voltage and high stability

Cited by 131 publications

References 22 publications

An enhanced gas ionization sensor from Y-doped vertically aligned conductive ZnO nanorods

An enhanced gas ionization sensor from Y-doped vertically aligned conductive ZnO nanorods

Increased Interface Strength in Carbon Fiber Composites through a ZnO Nanowire Interphase

Enhanced Field Ionization Enabled by Metal Induced Surface States on Semiconductor Nanotips

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