A Novel Framework for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management using Distributed Ledger and Smart Contracts

Jangir, Sandip; Muzumdar, Ajit; Jaiswal, Alok; Modi, Chirag; Chandel, Sheetal; Vyjayanthi, C.

doi:10.1109/icccnt45670.2019.8944829

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Along with that, the cost of operations in the main network has increased significantly. Another such implementation which is also based on Ethereum platform and smart contracts can be seen in [34]. Ethereum is also used in [35] along with a proposed shipping container which can keep track of multiple ambient parameters for ensuring drug safety.…”

Section: Related Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

PharmaChain: A Blockchain to Ensure Counterfeit Free Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Bapatla¹,

Mohanty²,

Kougianos³

2022

Preprint

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Access to essential medication is a primary right of every individual in all developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. This can be fulfilled by pharmaceutical supply chains (PSC) in place which will eliminate the boundaries between different organizations and will equip them to work collectively to make medicines reach even the remote corners of the globe. Due to multiple entities, which are geographically widespread, being involved and very complex goods and economic flows, PSC is very difficult to audit and resolve any issues involved. This has given rise to many issues, including increased threats of counterfeiting, inaccurate information propagation throughout the network because of data fragmentation, lack of customer confidence and delays in distribution of medication to the place in need. Hence, there is a strong need for robust PSC which is transparent to all parties involved and in which the whole journey of medicine from manufacturer to consumer can be tracked and traced easily. This will not only build safety for the consumers, but will also help manufacturers to build confidence among consumers and increase sales. In this article, a novel Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based transparent supply chain architecture is proposed and a proof-of-concept is implemented. Efficiency and scalability of the proposed architecture is evaluated and compared with existing solutions.

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Section: Related Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

PharmaChain: A Blockchain to Ensure Counterfeit Free Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Bapatla¹,

Mohanty²,

Kougianos³

2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…A similar approach of using the Ethereum platform-based blockchain leveraging smart contracts for business functions has been implemented in Ref. [39,40]. A cloud-based solution combining both IoT technology and hyperledger fabric blockchain is proposed in Ref.…”

Section: Related Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

PharmaChain: A blockchain to ensure counterfeit‐free pharmaceutical supply chain

et al. 2022

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Globalisation has facilitated different industries to eliminate geographical boundaries and equipped organisations to work collectively to produce goods. Pharmaceuticals is one such industry which has majorly benefited from globalisation to reduce costs and increase profitability at different aspects of research, development, manufacturing of drugs and finally distribution of drugs. Globalisation not only reduces costs and increases profits for the industry, it also makes essential medication available to all individuals even at remote areas of undeveloped, developing and developed countries. As the number of entities or participants grew in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (PSC), the complexity and abstractness of the drug delivery from manufacturer to consumer has increased, which raised new concerns like counterfeit medication, incorrect, incomplete or no information about the drug reaching the consumer thus undermining customer confidence and most importantly distribution delays which can cause serious impact on the life of the consumer as well as business growth. Considering all these challenges, there is a dire need for a robust PSC which can eliminate blind parties and provide a transparent chain. A transparent PSC will eliminate data fragmentation between different participating entities by creating a trail of secure, single source of truth for the entire life cycle of a medicine, thereby eliminating the introduction of counterfeits and ensuring the consumer safety. This article proposes a novel Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based transparent supply chain for PSC and proof‐of‐concept is implemented to analyse the scalability and efficiency of the proposed architecture. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is one of the technologies which can provide such transparent PSC and Smart Contracts (SC) are the most commonly used component in such systems to implement business logic and access control mechanisms. The proposed PharmaChain model investigates all the interactions between the main entities in PSC and also addresses smart contract issues such as re‐entrance, randomness and lacking trustworthy data feed. Results are compared with other proposed solutions for PSC based on DLT.

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“…Hasan et al [6] demonstrated that smart contracts could be used to manage shipment conditions, automate payments, legitimize receiver, and issue a refund in case of violating the predefined terms. Jangir et al [24] revealed that smart contracts could help achieve user privacy protection, data transparency, immutability nonrepudiation, real-time tracking of commodities, and demand-supply management. Elghaish et al [11] underlined the possible future extension for smart contracts, which would be revolutionizing the structure of traditional procurement systems, such as the design-build (DB) method.…”

Section: Procurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Smart Contracts Applications in Various Industries: A Procurement Perspective

Chong

Chi

2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Smart contracts have been well-received by researchers and practitioners for the unique features of automatic execution, transparency, and nontampering in a blockchain environment. However, little is known about the current development status of knowledge and practice regarding the application of smart contracts in various industries, especially from the procurement perspective. Thus, this paper aims to address the gap with a mixed method of bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review. Based on the evaluation of 174 filtered publications, the review has analyzed the current development status of this research area with its distributions in years and journals, cooperation networks between authors, institutions, and countries, keywords cooccurrence network, and classifications of the application of smart contracts. The results show the application of smart contracts has attracted global attention since 2016 with the Ethereum and Hyperledger fabric as the main platforms in various industries, especially in information communication technology (ICT), public management, supply chain, energy, finance, and healthcare. Various functions and benefits of smart contracts, as well as their potential advantages, have been identified and articulated from the procurement perspective. A research framework has also been developed to highlight future procurement needs in business operations across the industries via an integrated procurement approach of smart contracts.

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A Novel Framework for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management using Distributed Ledger and Smart Contracts

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

PharmaChain: A Blockchain to Ensure Counterfeit Free Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

PharmaChain: A Blockchain to Ensure Counterfeit Free Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

PharmaChain: A blockchain to ensure counterfeit‐free pharmaceutical supply chain

A Review of Smart Contracts Applications in Various Industries: A Procurement Perspective

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