A novel flexible room temperature positive temperature coefficient material for thermal management

Wang, Ruo-Jiang; Cheng, Wen‐Long

doi:10.1007/s42114-019-00081-z

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It should be easily noticed that the binary polymer‐based PTC materials have attracted a lot of attention from scholars in recent years on account of the functions to reduce percolation threshold, 105,106 improve PTC reproducibility 54,107–110 and diminish NTC effect 111,112 . Bin et al firstly reported the effect of binary polymer on the reproducibility of PTC composites in 1999 107 .…”

Section: The Effect Of Polymer On Ptc Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs of conductive polymer composites with exceptional reproducibility of positive temperature coefficient effect: A review

Chen

Zhang

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Conductive polymer composites with positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect have gained intensive attention for the potential application in the smart heating field. The PTC reproducibility is significantly essential to guarantee the security and utility of PTC composites. Regrettably, during the repeated temperature cycles, the irreversible self-aggregation of conductive filler and the random reconstruction of conductive network lead to unsatisfactory performance of PTC reproducibility. Extensive efforts have been conducted to address this issue by strategies, including modification of fillers, cross-linking of a polymer matrix, hybrids of fillers, and application of binary polymer matrix. Nevertheless, there are very limited reviews about this issue. In this review, the recent advances in fabricating PTC composites with the enhanced PTC reproducibility have been systematically summarized. Meanwhile, the current challenges and future prospects of PTC composite are also presented. We hope that this review will provide some inspirations for designing PTC materials of long-term performance for commercial applications.

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Section: The Effect Of Polymer On Ptc Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs of conductive polymer composites with exceptional reproducibility of positive temperature coefficient effect: A review

Chen

Zhang

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is reported that there are two methods of reducing the brittleness and improving the flexibility of conductive polymer composites: one is to reduce the amount of conductive filler needed to form the conductive network in the composite system, namely, reducing the percolation threshold [21]. The other is to introduce rubber or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) into the composite system [9,22,23]. Liu et al [9] melt blended styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) with a graphene nanoplatelet-(GNP-) filled HDPE masterbatch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, it still exhibited certain selfregulating heating function. Wang and Cheng [23] compared the PTC effect of olefin block copolymer (OBC)/paraffin/graphite with that of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/paraffin/graphite, finding that the composites with OBC had better flexibility than those with LDPE. The room temperature resistivity of the former was two orders of magnitude lower than the latter, but the problem is that the former showed a relatively lower PTC intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conclusively, the phase morphology can be tuned by polymer blending to impart composites with balanced and optimised electrical and mechanical properties [30,31]. However, there still exist some problems such as low PTC intensity [9,23]. POE is a type of TPE synthesized by ethylene-octene random copolymerization, possessing the advantages of good thermal stability, good processability, and good flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of POE and Carbon Black on the PTC Performance and Flexibility of High-Density Polyethylene Composites

Xue

Cai

et al. 2021

Advances in Polymer Technology

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE)/carbon black (CB) is widely used in positive temperature coefficient (PTC) composites. In order to expand its applications to fields that need good flexibility, polyolefin elastomer (POE) was incorporated into HDPE/CB composites as a secondary thermoplastic elastomer phase to provide flexibility. The effects of POE and CB content on the PTC performance and flexibility were investigated. Micro morphology and crystallization behavior are closely related to PTC properties. SEM was conducted to reveal phase morphology and filler dispersion, and DSC was conducted to research crystallization behavior. The results show that the incorporation of 18 wt.% POE can decrease the percolation threshold of conductive carbon black from 22.5 wt.% to 16 wt.%. When the CB content is 30 wt.%, the room temperature resistivity gradually increases with the increasing content of POE because of the barrier effect of POE phase, and the PTC intensity is gradually enhanced. Meanwhile, the PTC switching temperature shifts down to a lower temperature. The incorporation of 18 wt.% POE significantly increases the elongation at break, reaching an ultrahigh value of 980 wt.%, which means great flexibility has been achieved in HDPE/POE/CB composites. This work provides a new method of fabricating PTC composites with balanced electrical and mechanical properties.

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“…In addition, heat balance between heat generation and dissipation was achieved at high temperatures by reducing heat generation, which allowed for a constant temperature to be maintained [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. PTC characteristics have proven to be useful in various applications, such as controlling the fuel temperature of automobile engines and defrosting heat pump systems [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Surface Heating Textile for Functional Warm Clothing Based on a Composite Heating Element with a Positive Temperature Coefficient

Choi

Jee²,

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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A high-stretch positive temperature coefficient (PTC) surface heating textile (PTC-SHT) was fabricated using a composite of PTC powder and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The PTC-SHT (heating area = 100 × 100 mm2) was produced by screen-printing the PTC-MWCNT composite paste onto a high-stretch textile with embroidered electrodes. Overall, the temperature increased to 56.1 °C with a power consumption of 5 W over 7 min. Subsequently, the surface temperature of the PTC-SHT remained constant despite the continued decrease in power consumption. This indicated that heating was accompanied by an increase in resistance of the PTC-SHT, which is typical of this process—i.e., heating to a constant temperature under a constant voltage over an extended period of time. In addition, 4.63 W power was required to heat the PTC-SHT surface from an external temperature of 5 to 45 °C in 10 min, after which stable low-temperature heat generation behavior was observed at a constant temperature of 50 °C, which was maintained over 40 min. In contrast, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior has been observed in an NTC-SHT consisting of only MWCNTs, where a slow heating rate in the initial stage of power application and a continuous increase in surface temperature and power consumption were noted. The PTC-SHT consumed less power for heat generation than the NTC-SHT and exhibited rapid heating behavior in the initial stage of power application. The heat generation characteristics of the PTC-SHT were maintained at 95% after 100,000 cycles of 20% stretch–contraction testing, and the heating temperature remained uniformly distributed within ± 2 °C across the entire heating element. These findings demonstrated that an SHT with PTC characteristics is highly suitable for functional warm clothing applications that require low power consumption, rapid heating, stable warmth, and high durability.

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A novel flexible room temperature positive temperature coefficient material for thermal management

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Designs of conductive polymer composites with exceptional reproducibility of positive temperature coefficient effect: A review

Designs of conductive polymer composites with exceptional reproducibility of positive temperature coefficient effect: A review

Effects of POE and Carbon Black on the PTC Performance and Flexibility of High-Density Polyethylene Composites

Properties of Surface Heating Textile for Functional Warm Clothing Based on a Composite Heating Element with a Positive Temperature Coefficient

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