A novel fast-dried urine spot-based method for the analysis of EtS and EtG in urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Wang, Hao; Zhang, Yunfeng; Fan, Enshan; Wang, Fangling; Li, Bei‐Xu; Rao, Yulan

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122642

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Apart from that, it can be measured using the same detection principles as EtG. Moreover, there are mass spectrometric methods that combine the measurement of the two analytes (Sidqey et al, 2021; Wang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Direct Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the use of alcohol—A critical overview of the state‐of‐the‐art biomarkers

Uytfanghe

Boosere

Stove

2022

WIREs Forensic Science

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The use of alcohol, despite it being a psychoactive substance, is widely accepted. This acceptance and the ease of access may lead to alcohol abuse and dependence. Misuse of alcohol is one of the leading causes of preventable illness, injury or death, has social consequences, and can be linked to various types of criminal activities. Upon monitoring alcohol consumption, the question is not necessarily solely whether or not someone is or was abstinent, but may also imply what kind of drinking behavior or patterns are displayed. To reveal the answer, a portfolio of different biomarkers for alcohol (ab)use has been established. A distinction is made between indirect and direct markers. Indirect biomarkers are proteins, enzymes, or cells of which the level or activity undergoes typical changes as a result of (excessive) alcohol intake [e.g., carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT)], while direct biomarkers are ethanol itself and molecules which are directly related to the metabolism of alcohol [e.g., ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulphate (EtS), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth)]. These direct biomarkers have the potential to differentiate between drinking behaviors because they allow a higher sensitivity and specificity, in particular for the detection of abstinence or any drinking, and because they can be measured in different matrices, with different detection windows. These assets open the possibilities for testing strategies based on a combination of different markers that can be used both in retrospective and prospective assessments of alcohol intake. This article is categorized under: Toxicology > Alcohol

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Section: Direct Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the use of alcohol—A critical overview of the state‐of‐the‐art biomarkers

Uytfanghe

Boosere

Stove

2022

WIREs Forensic Science

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“…13 Some studies in the literature concern the determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide by LC/MS/MS. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] While most of the devices used in these studies had an orthogonal ion source, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27] only one study used a z-spray ion source. 22 Studies finding a strong matrix effect for ethyl glucuronide used dilution, 14,16,21 solid-phase extraction 18,23,25,26 and evaporation 15,17,19,20,22,24,27 to eliminate such matrix effects in urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] While most of the devices used in these studies had an orthogonal ion source, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27] only one study used a z-spray ion source. 22 Studies finding a strong matrix effect for ethyl glucuronide used dilution, 14,16,21 solid-phase extraction 18,23,25,26 and evaporation 15,17,19,20,22,24,27 to eliminate such matrix effects in urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of matrix effects in urine for determination of ethyl glucuronide by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Kul,

Sagirli

2023

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RationaleAlcohol use disorder affects 4% to 5% of the world's population. Analysis methods are available for various biological fluids to detect this disorder. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in urine by the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method is frequently used in forensic toxicology. These analyses are known to cause matrix effects.MethodsThe presented study describes the elimination of matrix effects for ethyl glucuronide. This study used two different LC/MS/MS systems containing orthogonal and z‐spray ion sources. Ethyl glucuronide was analyzed in negative polarity in electrospray ionization. A different dilution method was chosen for each study. The methods were developed and validated according to the European Medicines Agency bioanalytical method validation parameters.ResultsThe lower limit of quantitation of the developed methods was 0.025 μg/mL for ethyl glucuronide. The calibration curve of ethyl glucuronide was between 0.025 and 100 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of >0.99 for the two methods.ConclusionsIt was determined that the analyses using the z‐spray ion source were more affected by the matrix effect. The two validated methods involve rapid analysis time and simple sample preparation. Also, the methods were applied to real patients' urine.

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“…1,3 In the toxicological and genetic fields, the use of DUS, as a method of sample conservation, has become increasingly extensive thanks to the extreme versatility and advantages offered by microsampling on filter papers. The fields of application range from quantitative approaches (e.g., drug monitoring) 19,20 to qualitative screening, for example disease diagnosis, 21 anti-doping tests, or search for substances of abuse. 22 In Italy, according to the current legislation, the search for substances of abuse in the urinary matrix is performed by the laboratories of pharmacotoxicology for clinical and medico-legal purposes and on specific categories of subjects such as drug addicts placed under the care of the Drug Addiction Service (SerT and SerD), 23 citizens followed by the license commissions in case of suspension for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, 24 workers who perform tasks involving particular safety issues, 25 athletes who are subject to doping controls, 26 clinical cases from the hospital emergency room or specific departments or, finally, subjects who apply for a firearm license.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the toxicological and genetic fields, the use of DUS, as a method of sample conservation, has become increasingly extensive thanks to the extreme versatility and advantages offered by micro‐sampling on filter papers. The fields of application range from quantitative approaches (e.g., drug monitoring) 19,20 to qualitative screening, for example disease diagnosis, 21 anti‐doping tests, or search for substances of abuse 22 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic individual identification from dried urine spots: A complementary tool to drug monitoring and anti‐doping testing

Grignani

Manfredi

Monti

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The collection of liquid biological matrices onto paper cards (dried matrix spots [DMS]) is becoming an alternative sampling strategy. The stability over time of molecules of interest for therapeutic, sport drug monitoring, and forensic toxicology on DMS has been recently investigated representing a reliable alternative to conventional analytical techniques. When a tampering of a urine sample in drug monitoring or doping control cases is suspected, it could be relevant to know whether genetic profiles useful for individual identification could be generated from urine samples spotted onto paper (dried urine spot [DUS]). To understand the influence of sex, storage conditions, and time on the quality and quantity of the DNA, five female and ten male urine samples were dispensed onto Whatman 903 paper and sampled after different storage conditions over time, from 1 to 12 weeks. Direct PCR was performed starting from 2‐mm punches collected from each spot amplifying a panel of markers useful for individual identification. The female DUS stored in different conditions produced genetic profiles fully matching the reference samples. The same result was obtained for the male DUS but using urine 30X concentrated by centrifugation instead of the original samples. Our data show that this approach is valid for genetic individual identification of urine samples spotted onto paper cards up to 12 weeks after deposition and could be easily incorporated in anti‐doping or drug screening protocols to help on the suspicion of evidence tampering or to solve questions on the reliability of samples collection.

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A novel fast-dried urine spot-based method for the analysis of EtS and EtG in urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Monitoring the use of alcohol—A critical overview of the state‐of‐the‐art biomarkers

Monitoring the use of alcohol—A critical overview of the state‐of‐the‐art biomarkers

Elimination of matrix effects in urine for determination of ethyl glucuronide by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Genetic individual identification from dried urine spots: A complementary tool to drug monitoring and anti‐doping testing

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