A novel enzymatic process for glycogen production

Kajiura, Hideki; Kakutani, Ryo; Akiyama, Tsunehisa; Takata, Hitoshi; Kuriki, Takashi

doi:10.1080/10242420701789411

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, a novel enzymatic process for glycogen synthesis was developed, in which starch is used as a starting material ( 12 ). Enzymatically-synthesized glycogen derived by this process, herein referred to as ESG, has a molecular weight in the rage of 3,000-30,000 kDa, and is soluble in water, giving an opalescent solution resembling glycogen derived from natural sources such as animal tissues or shellfish (NSG).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Rehydration and Moderate Plasma Glucose Elevation by Fluid Containing Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen

Inagaki

Ishihara

Ishida

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) has high solubility and its solution has low osmotic pressure. Therefore ESG solution could be rapidly absorbed and could be adequate for water rehydration and carbohydrate supplementation during exercise. The object of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying time and plasma glucose elevation after an administration of ESG solution in comparison with another carbohydrate solution by using a laboratory animal. Male BALB/c mice were administered 10% w/v solution of glucose, maltodextrin, starch, naturally synthesized glycogen (NSG) and ESG at a dose of 20 L/g body weight for the measurement of gastric emptying rate (Experiment 1) and 10 L/g body weight for the measurement of plasma glucose elevation (Experiment 2). The osmolarity of gastric content was lower in the ESG and maltodextrin group than the other carbohydrate group. Weight of gastric fluid was significantly lower in the ESG and water group than the glucose group ( p Ͻ 0.01). Plasma glucose level was significantly lower in the ESG group than the glucose group from 0 to 60 min after administration ( p Ͻ 0.01), whereas plasma glucose level was same from 60 to 120 min for the ESG and glucose group ( p ϭ 0.948). In Experiment 3, BALB/c mice ran on a treadmill for 2 h and were administered 8% of ESG or glucose solution (1.75, 3.5 or 7.0 L/g body weight) every 20 min during running. There was no difference in post-exercise muscle glycogen level. These data suggest that 1) ESG beverage does not disturb water absorption because of its short gastric emptying time and 2) ESG slowly elevates plasma glucose level and maintains it for a prolonged time compared to the glucose solution.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Rehydration and Moderate Plasma Glucose Elevation by Fluid Containing Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen

Inagaki

Ishihara

Ishida

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this approach the substrate of TtGBE is a growing ␣1,4-glucan chain, which more closely resembles the situation of in vivo glycogen biosynthesis. For GH13 GBEs, the products synthesized with this alternative method, and by incubation of the enzymes with amylose, had the same degree of branching (15,31). Interestingly, 1 H NMR analysis of the final product of the tandem reaction with TtGBE and potato phosphorylase revealed a degree of branching of 10% (supplemental Fig.…”

Section: In Vitro Ttgbe Makes a Product With Short Side Chains And A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermus thermophilus Glycoside Hydrolase Family 57 Branching Enzyme

Palomo

Pijning

Booiman

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18; glycogen branching enzyme; GBE) catalyzes the formation of ␣1,6-branching points in glycogen. Until recently it was believed that all GBEs belong to glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13). Here we describe the cloning and expression of the Thermus thermophilus family GH57-type GBE and report its biochemical properties and crystal structure at 1.35-Å resolution. The enzyme has a central (␤/␣) 7 -fold catalytic domain A with an inserted domain B between ␤2 and ␣5 and an ␣-helix-rich C-terminal domain, which is shown to be essential for substrate binding and catalysis. A maltotriose was modeled in the active site of the enzyme which suggests that there is insufficient space for simultaneously binding of donor and acceptor substrates, and that the donor substrate must be cleaved before acceptor substrate can bind. The biochemical assessment showed that the GH57 GBE possesses about 4% hydrolytic activity with amylose and in vitro forms a glucan product with a novel fine structure, demonstrating that the GH57 GBE is clearly different from the GH13 GBEs characterized to date.

show abstract

“…ESG closely resembles natural source glycogen in structural parameters, physicochemical properties and molecular shape (11)(12)(13) and shows various biological properties, including immunostimulating activity (14), indigestibility (15) and intestinal environment improving effect (15). Moreover, the addition of ESG in a HFD resulted in significant decreases in total body fat mass as well as visceral fat mass in rats (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, an in vitro synthesis method for enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) from starch using isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68), branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18), and amylomaltase (EC 2.4.1.25) was developed (11). ESG closely resembles natural source glycogen in structural parameters, physicochemical properties and molecular shape (11)(12)(13) and shows various biological properties, including immunostimulating activity (14), indigestibility (15) and intestinal environment improving effect (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen and Exercise on Abdominal Fat Accumulation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Tamura

Honda

Morinaga

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe combination of diet and exercise is the first choice for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. We previously reported that enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in obese rats. However, the effect of the combination of ESG and exercise on abdominal fat accumulation has not yet been investigated. Our goal in this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of dietary ESG and its combination with exercise on abdominal fat accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male ICR mice were assigned to four groups: HFD, HFD containing 20% ESG, HFD with exercise, HFD containing 20% ESG with exercise. Treadmill exercise was performed for 3 wk (25 m/ min, 30 min/d, 3 d/wk) after 5-d adaption to running at that speed. Both ESG and exercise significantly reduced the weights of abdominal adipose tissues. In addition, the combination of ESG and exercise significantly suppressed abdominal fat accumulation, suggesting that ESG and exercise showed an additive effect. Exercise significantly increased the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes such as lipoprotein lipase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; factor-delta (PPARd), carnitin palmitoyltransferase b, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and uncoupling protein-3 in the gastrocnemius muscle. On the other hand, dietary ESG significantly decreased the mRNA levels of PPARd and ATGL in the gastrocnemius muscle. These results suggest that the combined treatment of ESG and exercise effectively suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in HFD-fed mice by different mechanisms.

show abstract

A novel enzymatic process for glycogen production

Cited by 78 publications

References 28 publications

Rapid Rehydration and Moderate Plasma Glucose Elevation by Fluid Containing Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen

Rapid Rehydration and Moderate Plasma Glucose Elevation by Fluid Containing Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen

Thermus thermophilus Glycoside Hydrolase Family 57 Branching Enzyme

Effects of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen and Exercise on Abdominal Fat Accumulation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About