A novel electrochemical sensor for determination of hydroxyl radicals in living cells by coupling nanoporous gold layer with self-assembled 6-(Ferrocenyl) hexanethiol

Detection Technologies for Reactive Oxygen Species: Fluorescence and Electrochemical Methods and Their Applications

“…Electrochemical sensing technologies for the detection of •OH are categorized as organic and inorganic approaches. Organic-based electrochemical sensors use components such as DNA [243,244], conductive polymers [245][246][247][248], and organic molecules [249,250]. On the other hand, inorganic electrochemical methods rely on metal oxide nanoparticles [251][252][253] and carbon-based materials [254,255].…”

“…While AuNPs have provided substantial improvement, they are considered to have two-dimensional material properties, which still limits the surface area. Xu et al [250] studied the use of a nanoporous gold layer (NPGL) with a 3D interconnected structure to increase the pore size and enhance the overall surface area. By providing more active sites for •OH capture, the NPGL can significantly enhance the sensor sensitivity when modified with 6-(ferrocenyl) hexanethiol (6-FcHT) (Figure 16).…”

“…Figure16. Schematic of the preparation of 6-ferrocenyl hexanethiol self-assembled nanoporous gold layer-modified gold electrode (6-FcHT/NPGL/GE) electrochemical sensor for the detection of hydroxyl radical (•OH) (Reprinted with permission from[250] Copyright (2020) Elsevier Publishing).…”

A Water-Dispersible Carboxylated Carbon Nitride Nanoparticles-Based Electrochemical Platform for Direct Reporting of Hydroxyl Radical in Meat

“…Compared with these methods, electrochemical sensors have presented many advantages such as low detection limit, simplicity of preparation, and rapid response time [ 14 ]. Xu et al developed a novel electrochemical sensor based on 6-(Ferrocenyl) hexanethiol (6-FcHT) self-assembled nanoporous gold layer modified gold electrode (6-FcHT/NPGL/GE) for detection of the release of • OH from living cells [ 15 ]. Duanghathaipornsuk et al constructed an efficient sensing device based on cerium oxide nanoparticles and graphene oxide (CeNP/GO) composite for the detection of • OH [ 16 ].…”

A sensitive BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for detecting endogenous hydroxyl radicals in living cells

“…For cOH detection, many analytic methods have been applied, such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy, 7,8 chromatography, 9 chemiluminescence 10,11 and electrochemistry. [12][13][14] Nevertheless, most of them either require expensive instruments or are not sensitive enough towards cOH and not suitable for monitoring cOH in live cells. By comparison, uorescencebased ways might be a better choice because of these prominent advantages like simplicity, high sensitivity, high-speed spatial analysis, low bio-damaging, real-time monitoring in live cells, etc.…”