A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Silsesquioxane/Nickel (II) Phthalocyanine for the Determination of Sulfanilamide in Clinical and Drug Samples

Abstract

This paper describes the immobilization of nickel (II) phthalocyanine‐tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiTsPc) in 3‐n‐propyl(3‐methylpyridinium) silsesquioxane chloride (Si3Pic+Cl−). This hybrid material was synthetized and characterized by 29Si NMR CP‐MAS, FTIR and DRS. The modified material, designated as Si3Pic+Cl−/NiTsPc, was used to build carbon paste electrodes to determine sulfanilamide (SFL) by differential pulse voltammetry. The modified electrode showed a higher current response when compared to the bare carbon paste electrode. The evaluation of SFL was possible in the presence of salicylic acid, commonly used in solid ointment compositions in a high concentration. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory were done aiming to shed light at dimerization process at SFL. The oxidation peak increased with increasing concentrations of SFL in the range of 35–301 μmol L−1. The LOD and LOQ values obtained were 12 and 35 μmol L−1 of SFL, respectively. The novel electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the determination of SFL in pet drug samples, urine and serum through the standard addition method. Validation was performed through a comparison with values obtained by the molecular absorption spectrometry method and there were no significant differences in the results, as confirmed by the statistical paired t‐test. This demonstrates the promise of a new approach for analytical application in clinical and drug samples of sulfonamide compounds.

Carbon Black Integrated Polylactic Acid Electrodes Obtained by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Powerful Tool for Sensing of Sulfanilamide Residues in Honey Samples

“…CV measurements were performed by varying the scan rate from 20 to 250 mV s –1 and a linear relationship ( r 2 > 0.99) between log I and log ν (Figure S3B) was obtained for the oxidation reaction (O x1 ) with a slope close to 0.5 (slope of 0.46), indicating that this reaction is predominantly diffusion-controlled. Similar behavior was achieved in other studies that employed carbon-based electrodes. ,, …”

Ionic liquid-supported magnetite nanoparticles as electrode modifier materials for estrogens sensing

“…The interest in electroanalytical methodologies has been growing, especially for simplicity, miniaturization and portability of instruments, and the use of modified electrodes, which aimed at improving the sensitivity of the analyzes and lowering the detection and quantification limits 13,14 . Accordingly, various sensors have been developed and employed for the quantification of E2 and E3 in different samples.…”

Fabrication a novel ethylenediamine sulfonamide polymer resin and graphene-modified carbon paste electrodes for simultaneous determination of anti-HBV drugs entecavir and tenofovir in dosage form by differential pulse voltammetry

“…The suggested mechanism is shown in Figure 14. While EDASP and graphene have different structures, EDASP, depicted in figure14, exhibits an interconnected structure through intermolecular interactions, specifically sulfonamide-amine, amine-amine, and sulfonamide-sulfonamide interactions, that shares some similarities with the sp2 structure of graphene electrode material [61,62]. This process enhances the electroactive surface area of the electrode, leading to improved kinetics and enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards ETV and TEV.…”