A Novel Eddy Current Testing Error Compensation Technique Based on Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Coupled Differential and Absolute Probes

Abstract

Eddy current testing (ECT) is an accurate, widely used and well-understood inspection technique, particularly in the aircraft and nuclear industries. The coating thickness or lift-off will influence the measurement of defect depth on pipes or plates. It will be an uncertain decision condition whether the defects on a workpiece are cracks or scratches. This problem can lead to the occurrence of pipe leakages, besides causing the degradation of a company’s productivity and most importantly risking the safety of workers. In this paper, a novel eddy current testing error compensation technique based on Mamdani-type fuzzy coupled differential and absolute probes was proposed. The general descriptions of the proposed ECT technique include details of the system design, intelligent fuzzy logic design and Simulink block development design. The detailed description of the proposed probe selection, design and instrumentation of the error compensation of eddy current testing (ECECT) along with the absolute probe and differential probe relevant to the present research work are presented. The ECECT simulation and hardware design are proposed, using the fuzzy logic technique for the development of the new methodology. The depths of the defect coefficients of the probe’s lift-off caused by the coating thickness were measured by using a designed setup. In this result, the ECECT gives an optimum correction for the lift-off, in which the reduction of error is only within 0.1% of its all-out value. Finally, the ECECT is used to measure lift-off in a range of approximately 1 mm to 5 mm, and the performance of the proposed method in non-linear cracks is assessed.

Hybrid GMR/IR probe to reduce the effects of lift-off

“…The peak value is mostly utilized for the quantification of the defect geometric characters as previously introduced. 4,8,29,30 However, the lift-off resulted in the variation in peak amplitude value of the detection signal, as can be seen in Figures 8 and 9. The same phenomenon has been found when aluminium alloy was used as the material.…”

Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Compensation Scheme for Temperature and Solar Irradiance Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System

“…The new crisp value presented the compensated signal output of the temperature sensor, which was an accurate reading of the surface PV panel temperature. A Fuzzy conclusion of "temperature is A and irradiance B" can be determined by Equations (10) and (11) in the discrete domain.…”

“…Other factors that affect the temperature sensor measurement are the wind speed and surrounding humidity. For solar irradiance and wind sensor measurement, the existence of sensor error was mainly due to variation changes in the surrounding thermal expansion, and long cable sensors will cause a voltage drop [ 11 ]. The voltage drop is attributed to the resistance of wires and the effect on the active sensor is more critical, as there is more current streaming of active sensors in the ground wires [ 12 ].…”

S55c Carbon Steel for Heat Treatment Process with Different Medium in Attenuation Measurement using Ultrasonic Testing

“…Where: E: elastic modulus Ρ: density µ: Poisson's ratio VL: elastic constants and longitudinal velocity VT: elastic constants and transverse velocity Based on the equation above the acoustic velocity is constant across the properties of the material under certain conditions. Therefore, change in the ultrasonic direction is due to changes in the material's morphology [5]. This can be seen based on the formula below.…”

“…Microstructure features are known to dictate mechanical properties such as yield strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, failure rate, and others. [1]- [5] Manufacturing processes often induce microstructure changes that affect such mechanical properties and hence the performance of structural components. Nondestructive evaluation of microstructure is a topic that gives a great interest applications in aerospace, railroad, and nuclear industries.…”