A Novel Dynamic Capacity Expansion Framework Includes Renewable Energy Sources for an Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel capacity expansion framework for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) through short-term functional decisions and long-term planning under stochastic power demand. Energy resources such as solar, wind, energy storage systems, and microgas turbines supply energy to the microgrid. An EVCS works as a vehicle-to-grid (V-G), and it can send energy to the microgrid. The capacities of solar panels, storage systems, and wind turbines can be expanded by implementing capacity expansion planning in a microgrid. The short-term and long-term expansion problem has been solved by optimizing the hourly operation of the resources and with a five-year planning horizon, respectively. A hybrid algorithm combining the sample average approximation technique and the apriori progressive hedging algorithm (SAAT-APHA) has been proposed in this study. The impact of the availability of different resources, including wind, solar, and V-G power on the system performance has been analyzed. Finally, a comparison has been performed with three other algorithms, and the results show the superiority of the proposed method.

A Robust Controller Design based on Kharitonov’s Theorem for Frequency Control in an Interconnected Power System

“…These four special Kharitonov polynomials can be computed considering lower and upper bounds, (𝑖. 𝑒., 𝑞 $ % and 𝑞 $ & ). In general, Kharitonov polynomials are [21] (4)- (7).…”

“…Substituting 𝐺(𝑗𝜔) and 𝐶(𝑗𝜔) in (7) and decomposing the result into its even and odd parts, 𝛥(𝑠) can be written as (14).…”

“…The numerator of EV fleets was not a complex function and only 8 sets were required. Replacing sets loci for each unit into (7), and then substituting s with 𝑗𝜔 and separating the imaginary and real parts would result in 𝐾 5 and 𝐾 ; as functions of 𝜔. 𝐾 5 and 𝐾 ; functions for thermal units were ( 35 The 32 calculated functions for 𝐾 5 and 𝐾 ; for thermal units are plotted in 𝐾 5 −𝐾 ; plane for a range of 𝜔 varying from 0 to 10 𝑘𝐻𝑧. Based on Kharitonov's theorem, the value of the controller parameter should be located between the common space of these lines and the horizontal axis.…”

“…The bidirectional flow of energy provided by the vehicle to grid (V2G) technology enables the EVs to act as an energy source [6]. This promising technology strengthens the renewable energy sources adaption [7] and creates numerous benefits such as grid stability, peak load management, power quality [8] and cost-saving for market participants [9]. In V2G, the EVs work as energy routers that transfer the energy from charging stations powered by renewable energy sources (RES) and other sources to the power grid.…”

SPBCSEV: Solar Power Based Charging Station for Electric Vehicles

“…The main findings concerned the system's energy, environmental, and economic performance after one year of operation. T. S. Geetha et al [7] proposed a novel capacity expansion framework for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) based on short-term functional decisions and long-term planning in the presence of stochastic power demand. Energy is supplied to the microgrid by solar, wind, energy storage systems, and microgas turbines.…”