A Novel Dual-Band Branch Line Coupler for Dual-Band Butler Matrix

Zaidi, Aijaz M.; Kanaujia, Binod Kumar; Beg, Mirza Tariq; Kishor, Jugul; Rambabu, Karumudi

doi:10.1109/tcsii.2019.2911186

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Various methods were introduced to reduce the size and improve the bandwidth [5], to suppress harmonics [6] and achieve a quasi-arbitrary phase difference between the output ports [7] of the BLCs. In addition, several techniques were also proposed to make it dual/multi-band, such as PI shaped transmission line (TL) [8]- [10], T shaped TL [11], port extension [12], composite right left-handed (CRLH) material [13], [14], coupled line (CL) with stubs [15]- [17], CL with TL [18] and CLs [19]. In spite of all these developments, the design of a dual band 4 × 4 BM is still a challenging task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simpler and compact design of the dual band 4 × 4 BM can be obtained if dual band BLC plays the role of a dual band 45 • phase shifter as well. Dual band BLCs capable of performing the role of a dual band ±90 • BLC and a dual band ±45 • phase shifter combination was proposed in [15]. But, BLC [15] performs a dual band operation for a limited range of frequency ratios (1.4 -1.9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dual band BLCs capable of performing the role of a dual band ±90 • BLC and a dual band ±45 • phase shifter combination was proposed in [15]. But, BLC [15] performs a dual band operation for a limited range of frequency ratios (1.4 -1.9). In addition, to design a dual band 4 × 4 BM, dual band ±90 • BLCs are also needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, the dual band ±90 • BLCs also have frequency ratio limitation. For example, BLCs [8]- [15], [17], [19] can work for frequency ratio < 3, [16] can work for frequency ratio >3 and [26] can work for frequency ratio 1.3 -4.0. Therefore, dual band 4 × 4 BM can be designed for a limited range of frequency ratios by employing the BLC [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

et al. 2020

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A novel dual band branch line coupler (BLC) has been proposed, designed, implemented, and analyzed in this paper. A dual band 4 × 4 Butler matrix (BM) has also been developed by employing the proposed BLC. To realize the proposed BLC, PI and modified PI-shaped transmission lines (TLs) as dual band TLs, with the complete derivation of the design equations, have also been introduced. The proposed BLC is equivalent to a dual band ±90 • BLC and a dual band ±45 • phase shifter combination and capable of performing a dual band operation for 2.3 to 4.4 frequency ratios. In order to verify the proposed approach, a dual band BLC for 1GHz and 2.85GHz frequencies has been designed and implemented. For the proposed BLC, equal power division between the output ports has been achieved with maximum ±0.2dB amplitude imbalance and a phase difference of +45 • /−135 • ±1 • at frequency 1GHz and +135 • /−45 • ±2 • at frequency 2.85GHz between the output ports for port1/port4 excitation. By employing the proposed BLC, a dual band 4 × 4 BM has also been developed. Compared to the existing dual band BMs, the 4 X 4 BM offers a simpler design, compact size, and design with fewer number of components. INDEX TERMS Branch line coupler, dual band, Butler matrix, PI shaped transmission line, frequency ratio, compact size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

et al. 2020

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“…These days the demand for compact, portable, and versatile devices, which can cover multiple frequency application bands is constantly increasing. In the last decade, a number of methods have been proposed by various methods/structures were employed to design a dual band BLC such as short ended coupled line (CL) and short stubs . These reported methods and dual‐band quarter wave transmission line (DBQWTL) employs short ended coupled line (CL) and short stubs, a parallel combination short ended CL and transmission line (TL), short/open stub at the two terminals of the TL, connecting a stub at the center of the TL, extended port, using quarter wavelength open/shorted CL, using a CL, folding of the TL .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual‐band branch line coupler for LTE 0.7 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz frequencies

Zaidi

Beg

Kanaujia

et al. 2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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In this paper, a dual‐band branch line coupler (BLC) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) 0.7 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz frequencies is designed and developed. A dual‐band quarter wave transmission line (DBQWTL) capable to perform dual band operation for frequency ratio >3 is also proposed. The dual band BLC is designed by replacing the quarter wave transmission line of the conventional single band BLC with the proposed DBQWTL. By means of even and odd mode analysis, the closed form design equations of the proposed DBQWTL are obtained. Considering the implementation viewpoint of the proposed BLC, the circuit parameter analysis is carried out. The proposed BLC performs dual band operation with maximum amplitude imbalance of 0.26 dB and phase deviation of 3.07°. It is found in the comparative analysis that the proposed BLC has novelty in terms of its operating frequency ratio range.

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A planar wideband 2‐D beam‐forming network for multibeam application

Qin

Chen

2021

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This article presents a wideband 2-D beam-forming network (BFN) utilizing a three-layer strip-line structure, which has 16 input ports and 16 output ports.The BFN, composed of multiple 2-D couplers, crossovers, and phase shifter groups, can provide an equal power signal distribution with ±45 or ±135 phase differences between the adjacent output ports, hence achieving 2-D beam scanning in both azimuth and elevation planes. To validate the concept, a prototype operating in the frequency range of 2.25-3.75 GHz is fabricated, measured, and discussed. The measurement results coincide well with the simulation ones. K E Y W O R D S 2-D beam-forming network, planar, wideband

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A Novel Dual-Band Branch Line Coupler for Dual-Band Butler Matrix

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

A dual‐band branch line coupler for LTE 0.7 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz frequencies

A planar wideband 2‐D beam‐forming network for multibeam application

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