A Novel Dried Blood Spot Detection Strategy for Characterizing Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in China. Conventional diagnostic methods are dependent on advanced instruments, which are expensive, inaccessible, and inconvenient in underdeveloped areas. To build a novel dried blood spot (DBS) detection strategy for imaging CVDs, in this study, a total of 12 compounds, including seven amino acids [homocysteine (Hcy), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), valine (Val), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp)], three amino acid derivatives [choline, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)], L-carnitine, and creatinine, were screened for their ability to identify CVD. A rapid and reliable method was established for the quantitative analysis of the 12 compounds in DBS. A total of 526 CVD patients and 200 healthy volunteers in five provinces of China were recruited and divided into the following groups: stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. The orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLSDA) model was used to characterize the difference between each CVD group. Marked differences between the groups based on the OPLSDA model were observed. Based on the model, the patients in the three training sets were mostly accurately categorized into the appropriate group. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression of each metabolite chosen by the OPLSDA model had an excellent predictive value in both the test and validation groups. DBS detection of 12 biomarkers was sensitive and powerful for characterizing different types of CVD. Such differentiation may reduce unnecessary invasive coronary angiography, enhance predictive value, and complement current diagnostic methods.

A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Dried Biofluid Microsampling in Patients With Kidney Disease

“…Blood was by far the most predominant biofluid of interest, meaning that data relating to other biofluids such as urine or saliva samples were severely limited. In addition, we only evaluated dried biofluids from the perspective of health conditions related to kidneys, and DBS have already been applied to a wide range of cancer [ 87 ], environmental exposure monitoring [ 88 ] and cardiovascular disease [ 89 ] to name just a few. This provides additional support to the adoption of dried biofluids for kidney research.…”

Advanced Microsamples: Current Applications and Considerations for Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Phenotyping Pipelines

“…However, metabolic phenotyping assays that employ LC-MS are amenable to low sample volumes; for example, LC-MS assays routinely require <25 µL to perform metabolic phenotyping for both discovery profiling analysis and targeted pathway analysis [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Such methods have been applied to metabolic phenotyping experiments that have assessed outcomes of health and disease including inflammation [17], cardiometabolic diseases [21], dementia [17], and nutrition [22]; they are commonly targeted for many clinical and human physiology studies. This move towards sample miniaturisation in the space of metabolic phenotyping has led research teams to begin the evaluation of microsamples over traditional venepuncture for sample collection [23].…”

Advanced Microsamples: Current Applications and Considerations for Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Phenotyping Pipelines

“…However, metabolic phenotyping assays that employ LC-MS are amenable to low sample volumes, for example LC-MS assays routinely require < 25 L to perform metabolic phenotyping for both discovery profiling analysis and targeted pathway analysis [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Such methods have been applied to metabolic phenotyping experiments that have assessed outcomes of health and disease including inflammation [17], cardiometabolic diseases [21], dementia [17], and nutrition [22]; and are commonly targeted for many clinical and human physiology studies. This move towards sample miniaturisation in the space of metabolic phenotyping has led research teams to begin evaluation of microsamples over traditional venipuncture for sample collection [23].…”