A novel distance estimation algorithm for periodic surface vibrations based on frequency band energy percentage feature

Design of Fractional‐Order Backstepping Sliding Mode Control for Quadrotor UAV

“…It is assumed that UAV flight is relatively stable, so the roll angle and pitch angle changing are comparatively small. The rotation angular rate is also very small, that is,sin ≈ 0, cos ≈ 1, sin ≈ 0, cos ≈ 1, so Equation (7) can be obtained as the following:…”

“…In recent years, there has been significant attention on the study of UAV amongst academics, including in relation to design of sensors, optimization of system structure, and the control algorithm [4,5]. As control theory is being developed and advanced control methods are being applied in the field of rotor craft, a considerable amount of typical control methods have been applied in this area, such as PID, backstepping control, and extremum seeking [6][7][8][9][10]. Manuscript The backstepping method is a recursive procedure under the Lyapunov stability.…”

Vibration source classification and propagation distance estimation system based on spectrogram and KELM

“…The propagation distance estimation of periodic vibration signal was recently studied in [19][20][21]. A novel feature named the frequency band energy percentage (FBED), which characterises the energy distribution of periodic vibration around the fundamental frequency and its integral multiples has been developed in [19][20][21].…”

“…Recently, surface vibration detection has been found effective in urban underground pipeline network protection [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], which suffered high damage rate in many developing countries due to the fast urbanisation [19][20][21]. The frequency band energy distribution feature (FBED) has been presented in [19], which characterises the relationship between the propagation distance and the energy distributions of periodic vibration signals.…”

“…The frequency band energy distribution feature (FBED) has been presented in [19], which characterises the relationship between the propagation distance and the energy distributions of periodic vibration signals. Furthermore, combining with machine learning algorithms, the FBED feature is adopted in [20, 21] for propagation distance estimation. However, the FBED feature has the drawback of high‐computation complexity and cannot reflect the energy distribution completely.…”